Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional

reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people.

"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots (暴君) like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis (纳粹分子) were indoctrinated (灌输) largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words they respect.

Another reason why it is true is that pupils often explore somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies, science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom ... these are a few of the fertile fields for the introduction of proper emotional reactions.

However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by sweet-talking or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.

To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.

Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious (有害的) if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

The central idea conveyed in the passage is that ______.

A．attitudes affect our actions

B．teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils' attitudes

C．attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

D．the elementary school is a more effective milieu (环境) for developing wholesome attitudes than high school or college