听力原文: Mass media are tools of communication. Mass media allow us to record and pass in - 赤豆云问答

第1题

听力原文：When you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television,

听力原文： When you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement. If you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something competent to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere. In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. The government does not give money to mass media such as TV stations, newspapers, magazines and radio stations. They are all owned privately. So where does the money come from？ From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.

Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is？ Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of "keeping your name before the public." And some people thought that advertising was "truth well told." Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid, nonpersonal, and usually persuasive description of goods, services and ideas through various media.

All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can do well to them. Advertisements exist everywhere in our lives.

(30)

A．The importance of advertisement.

B．The society's great need of advertisement.

C．The origin of advertisement.

D．The prosperity of advertisement.

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第2题

听力原文：Between ten and midnight the United States is politically leaderless -- there is

听力原文： Between ten and midnight the United States is politically leaderless -- there is no center of information anywhere in the nation except in the New York headquarters of the great broadcasting companies and the two great wire services. No candidate and no party can afford the investment on election night to match the news-gathering resources of the mass media; and so, as every citizen sits in his home watching his TV set or listening to his radio, he is the equal of any other in knowledge. There is nothing that can be done in these hours, for no one can any longer direct the great strike for American power; the polls have closed. Good or bad, whatever the decision, America will accept the decision -- and cut down any man who goes against it, even though for millions the decision runs contrary to their own votes. The general vote is an expression of national will, the only substitute for violence and blood. Its decision is to be defended as one defends civilization itself.

There is nothing like this American expression of will in England or France, India or Russia. Only one other major nation in modern history has ever tried to elect its leader directly by mass, free, popular vote. This was the Weimar Republic of Germany, which modeled its unitary vote for a national leader on the American practice. Out of its experiment with the system it got Hitler. Americans have had Lincoln, Wilson, two Roosevelt's. Nothing can be done when the voting returns are flooding in: the White House and its power will move to one or another of the two candidates, and all will know about it in the morning.

(33)

A．Watching sports on TV.

B．Watching election returns.

C．Late snacks.

D．Sleeping.

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第3题

听力原文：W: Bob, Have you seen any movies recently？M: Yes, I've seen a few.W: Have you not

听力原文：W: Bob, Have you seen any movies recently？

M: Yes, I've seen a few.

W: Have you noticed any people smoking in the movies？

M: I wasn't paying special attention to that, but I am sure I saw some actors and even actresses smoke in movies.

W: The World Health Organization says young people are likely to think smoking is a good thing if they see actors smoke, and that cigarette companies use movies to sell more tobacco, especially to young people.

M: That's true. Mass media may have some negative effects on viewers.

W: Now, people are calling for moviemakers to remove cigarettes from their films.

M: Do you think it's necessary？ Movies reflect social reality, after all. If the actors never smoke in films, the films may seem unreal.

W: You know, the W-H-O estimates that tobacco kills five million people a year, and that number is growing.

M: That's terrible, but do you think we can attribute it solely to the movies or to other media as well？

W: At least partly. In many countries, including India and the United States, it is illegal to try to sell tobacco on television.

M: But it is legal to show smoking and cigarettes in the movies.

W: Yes, it is reported that tobacco companies even give famous actors a free lifetime supply of cigarettes. These actors often have good-looking bodies. That makes young people think smoking will be good for their health.

M: Too bad. That's really misleading.

W: Sure, perhaps, a law should be passed that there shouldn't be too much smoking in mass media.

M: Absolutely.

(23)

A．Movies play an important role in persuading young people not to smoke.

B．Movies fail to reflect social reality and need improvement in this respect.

C．Movies are in many ways competing with TV to gain young viewers.

D．Movies partly contribute to the increasing number of young smokers.

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第4题

听力原文：Reading to oneself is a modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars o

听力原文： Reading to oneself is a modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. (33)Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. (32)The 19th century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices; There reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. (34)Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information, and over whether the reading material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with as still in education. However, whatever its virtues are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.

(33)

A．Selling home furnishings.

B．Renting furnished apartments.

C．Selling used furniture.

D．Renting home furnishings.

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第5题

听力原文：Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars

听力原文： Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The 19th century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices. There reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of 20th century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information, and over whether the reading material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.

26．Why was reading aloud commonplace before the 19th century？

27.What did the development of silent reading during the 19th century indicate？

28.What are educationalists still arguing about？

29.What is the speaker attempting to do？

(33)

A．Silent reading had not been discovered.

B．Few people could read for themselves.

C．People relied on reading for entertainment.

D．There were few places available for private reading.

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第6题

听力原文： Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars

of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly (27)because the tasks themselves changed in character.

(26)The 19th century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and Offices. There reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over (28)whether books should be used for information, and over whether the reading material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.

(33)

A．Silent reading had not been discovered.

B．There were few places available for private reading.

C．Few people could read for themselves.

D．People relied on reading for entertainment.

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第7题

听力原文：Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildi

听力原文： Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.

The revival of classical culture brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remained dominant until the 20th century.

Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.

The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centres, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers.

By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete.

(30)

A．A government document.

B．A literary work.

C．A social art.

D．An individual's creation.

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第8题

Mass media promotion aims to influence public perception, not only target （).

A.competitors

B. consumers

C. products

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第9题

听力原文：In western culture music is regarded as good by birth, and sounds that are welcom

听力原文： In western culture music is regarded as good by birth, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures for example, Islamic culture-- it is of low value, associated with sin and evil. In the West and in the high cultures Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, classical music, composed and performed by trained professionals originally under the support of courts and religious establishments; second, folk music, shared by the population at large and passed on orally; and third, popular music, performed by professionals, spread through radio, television, records, films, and print, and consumed by the urban mass public.

t universal use of music is as a part of religious ritual. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence. Music also symbolizes military, patriotic and funeral moods and events. In a more general sense, music may express the central social values of a society. In western music, the interrelationship of conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society.

(30)

A．In Asian culture.

B．In Islamic culture.

C．In western culture.

D．In ancient culture.

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第10题

听力原文：For a long time Americans preferred things which were mass produced in factories.

听力原文： For a long time Americans preferred things which were mass produced in factories.But recently many Americans have taken up crafts of various kinds.They make things out of wood,metal,glass,wax,leather and cloth.They usually design the things they make themselves and often they sell what they make too. The work of these crafts people has become very good and very popular.These people's crafts are sold at craft fairs. These are usually community sponsored events.Some fairs are small,bringing together a dozen or so people. Such fairs are held in shopping centers or churches.At large fairs,several hundred crafts people assemble their works for people to admire and buy.These fairs are held in public parks or on country grounds.Crafts fairs are usually held on weekends when people are free from work and looking for things to do.The fairs are directed toward families.They offer rides and shows for the children to keep them busy while the parents look at the crafts.The crafts people buy include things to decorate their homes,clothes for their children,and gifts for their friends for holidays,weddings or special occasions.People go to craft fairs rather than shopping at stores because they look for things that are different and original.They also look out for bargains.The prices for works of art at craft fairs are usually very reasonable.

What does the speaker tell us about today's Americans？

A．They like mass produced things.

B．They design things themselves and sell them.

C．They make clothes and tools for themselves.

D．They use crafts to decorate their homes.

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听力原文： Mass media are tools of communication. Mass media allow us to record and pass in