题目内容
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The researchers were disappointed because ______.
A．the vaccines haven't shown any effect on volunteers in Thailand
B．the vaccines didn't stop the HIV infection on those who were vaccinated
C．the vaccines were strongly rejected by the people in Thailand
D．the vaccines' effects is waiting to be verified at conference in Paris
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更多“The researchers were disappoin…”相关的问题
All of the following Were suggested as being used by sleep researchers EXCEPT ______.
A．electrodes
B．hypnosis
C．charts
D．recorders
The researchers are looking afterwards for ______.
A．the proteins to stop HIV virus
B．the blood of those who were vaccinated
C．the blood of those who were not vaccinated
D．the molecules that are more abundant in healthy people
A．those seven people were in favor of the vaccine very much.
B．the effect of vaccine was significant.
C．it showed that people were less likely to be infected by taking vaccine.
D．it showed the vaccine can reduce the risk of being infected for all the people.
Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser？
A．The researchers' notebooks were lost.
B．Several people were developing the idea at the same time.
C．No one claimed credit for the development until recently.
D．The research work is still incomplete.
【C1】______ positive through the cold season could be your best【C2】______ against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that【C3】______ healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a【C4】______ sunny disposition were less likely to【C5】______ ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence【C6】______ a "positive emotional style" can help【C7】______ off the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness【C8】______ immune function and subjective as in happy people being less【C9】______ by a scratchy throat or runny nose. "People with a positive emotional style. may have different immune【C10】______ to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may 【C11】______ their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a【C12】______ study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold,【C13】______ some questions remained as to【C14】______the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who【C15】______ be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged【C16】______ having a positive emotional style,【C17】______ those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops【C18】______ either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the【C19】______ reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected【C20】______ data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
【C1】
A．Living
B．Staying
C．Pulling
D．Surviving
"We found again and again that people who perform. poorly relative to their peers tended to think that they did rather well," Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.
Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety of skills—logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor—people who essentially were inept never realized it, while those who had some ability were self-critical.
It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom.
Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion, the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely unaware of the problem.
This was especially tree in the area of logical reasoning, where research subjects—students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based—often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed all questions in a reasoning test.
Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rated themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.
Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said.
Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were, and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.
This might be thought of as the "above-average effect", the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility.
The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.
So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence or the one who shows confidence？ Neither, according to Dunning. "You can't take them at their word. You've got to take a look at their performance," Dunning added.
Incompetent people rarely know the depths of their own incompetence because they ______.
A．are too dull to know what competence is
B．are not skillful at logical reasoning, grammar, and sense of humor
C．lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically
D．have some ability to overcriticize themselves
Sugarless yoghurt (酸奶) could help beat bad breath, tooth decay and gum disease, say scientists. Japanese researchers found eating the yoghurt【62】levels of hydrogen sulphide (硫化氢) -- a major【63】of bad breath -- in 80% of volunteers. The【64】are active bacteria in yoghurt.
Details were【65】at a meeting of the International Association for Dental Research. A(n)【66】of 24 volunteers who participated in the study were given strict instructions【67】oral health, diet and medicine taking. They spent two weeks【68】yoghurts and similar foods, like cheese. Researchers then【69】bacteria levels and odor-causing compounds,【70】hydrogen-sulphide. The volunteers then ate 90 grams of yoghurt a day for six weeks. At the end of the study, researchers took【71】again. They found hydrogen sulphide levels【72】in 80% of participants.
Dr. Nigel Carter, chief executive of the British Dental Health Foundation, said, "The foundation has long been【73】people's attention to sugar-free yoghurts as a healthy snack, so it is pleasing to hear that it may have oral health benefits we were previously【74】of."
"Although this research is still in the early stages there is no【75】that sugar-free yoghurts provide a much healthier【76】to sweets and chocolate, and we would encourage snackers to【77】them into their diet."
【78】, Dr. Carter stressed that the best way to beat bad breath was by【79】a good oral health routine. This involves brushing twice-a-day with fluoride (氟化物) toothpaste, cutting【80】on the frequency of sugary snacks and drinks and visiting a dentist【81】.
(63)
A．increased
B．required
C．averaged
D．reduced
Scans have shown that【C1】______ of activity in the brain change depending on how we focus on a task. Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, wil【C2】______ brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more【C3】______ . The research, by the French Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cognition, is published in the magazine Science.
In the study, 12 volunteers watched an image while researchers【C4】______ their brain activity using MRI(核磁共振成像) scans. Volunteers were given a【C5】______ of tasks. In one they were told to concentrate simply on the duration of an image, in【C6】______ they were asked to focus on the【C7】______ , and in a third they were asked to concentrate on both duration and color. The results showed that a network of brain regions was【C8】______ when more subjects were paid attention to duration.
It is thought that if the brain is busy focusing on many aspects of a task, then it has to spread its resources thinly, and pays less【C9】______ to time passing. Therefore, time passes without us really【C10】______ it, and seems to go quickly.【C11】______ , if the brain is not stimulated in this way, it concentrates its【C12】______ energies on monitoring the passing of time. This may make time seem to【C13】______ , but in fact it is probably a more accurate perception of reality.【C14】______ the researchers found that the more volunteers concentrated on the duration of the images, the more【C15】______ were their estimates of its duration.
Lead researcher Dr. Jennifer Coull said many of the areas of the brain【C16】______ in estimating time were the same that played a key role in controlling movement, and【C17】______ for action. She said this overlap suggests that the brain may make sense of time as【C18】______ between movements, in much the same way【C19】______ musicians mark time with his foot, or【C20】______ anticipate the sound of a starter's pistol.
【C1】
A．panels
B．patents
C．patterns
D．partitions
