题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A、intercultural
B、intellectual
C、psychological
D、sociological
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更多““Culture is a system of shared…”相关的问题
A) is a sign of their customs
B) is an indication of their level of knowledge
C) symbolizes their social system
D) varies from culture to culture
The National Endowment for the Arts recently released the results of its
"Reading at Risk" survey, which described the movement of the American
public away from books and literature and toward television and electronic
media. According to the survey, "reading is on the decline on every region, 【S1】 ______.
within every ethnic group, and at every educational level".
The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie vote, upheld 【S2】 ______.
the government's right to obtain bookstore and library records under a provision
of the USA Patriot Act. The House proposal would have barred the
federal government from demand library records, reading lists, book customer 【S3】 ______.
lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations.
These two events are completely unrelated to, yet they echo each other in 【S4】 ______.
the message they send about the place of books and reading in American
culture. At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic system 【S5】______.
depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. 【S6】______.
All of these are skills promoted by reading and discussing books and literature.
At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of our
country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected
to desirable activities that might undermine our system of government rather 【S7】______.
than helping democracy flourish.
Our culture's decline in reading begin well before the existence of the 【S8】______.
Patriot Act. During the 1980s' culture wars, school systems across the country
pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by 【S9】______.
parents and teachers to be inappropriate. Now what started in schools across the
country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact 【S10】______.
on the reading habits of the American public.
【S1】
听力原文： Culture shock occurs as a result of total immersion in a new culture. It happens to people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand people's behavior. in daily life. The visitor finds that yes may not always mean yes, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to initiate conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The notion of culture shock helps explain feelings of bewilderment and confusion. Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel. When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong and consequently, may feel alienated from the native member of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture. Conversely, visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with the values of the new country.
(30)
A．They may worry about their knowledge of "yes" in the native language.
B．They may worry about their ability to make friends.
C．They may worry about their control of the behavior.
D．They may worry about their ignorance of the alien customs.
In many Western societies, such as the United States or Canada,【C1】______many different nationalities, religious groups and cultural orientations, individualism and independent thinking are【C2】______valued. And these values are reflected by the education systems in these countries. Teachers【C3】______the qualities that make each student special. Students are【C4】______expected to memorize information; instead, they are encouraged to【C5】______, find answers on their own and【C6】______individual solutions. At an early age, students learn to form. their own ideas and opinions, and to ex press their ideas in class discussion.
In Japan,【C7】______, the vast majority of people share the same language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the education system there reflects a belief in group goals and traditions【C8】______individualism. Japanese schoolchildren often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teacher is the main【C9】______of knowledge: He or she lectures, and the students listen. There is not much discussion;【C10】______, the students recite rules or information that they have memorized.
The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students there learn the social skill of cooperation.【C11】______advantage is that they learn much more math and science than most American students. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than their North American【C12】______do. The system is demanding, but it【C13】______children for a society that values discipline and self-control. There are, however, disadvantages. For one thing, many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information they memorized.【C14】______, the extremely demanding system puts enormous psychological pressure【C15】______students, and is considered a【C16】______factor in the high suicide rate among Japanese school-age children.
The advantage of the education system in North America,【C17】______, is that students learn to think for themselves. They learn to【C18】______to make decisions and take action without someone telling them what to do. There are drawbacks, however.【C19】______other things, American high school graduates haven't studied as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have. And many social critics【C20】______the high crime rate in the US at least partially to a lack of discipline in the schools.
【C1】
A．which are made up of
B．which made up of
C．which are made of
D．which made of
This is the ideal【10】______ in the education France provides【C11】______ her children. By studying this 【C12】______ we in England may learn a few things useful to ourselves, even though, perhaps indeed because, the French system is very【C13】______ from our own in its aims, its organization and its results. The French child, too, the raw material of this education, is【C14】______ the England child and differences in this material may well【C15】______ for differences in the processes employed.
The French child, boy or girl, gives one the impression of being【C16】______ more precocious (过早发育的) than the product of the【C17】______ English climate. This precocity is encouraged by his【C18】______ among adults, not in a nursery. English parents readily【C19】______ their conversation to the child's point of view and interest themselves more in his games and childish preoccupations. The English are, as regards national character, younger than the French, or, to put it another way, there is in England no deep【C20】______ between the life of the child and that of the grown man.
【C1】
A．universities
B．nations
C．societies
D．cities
Bicultural Kids
When Brian and Chery Boyd were first looking into adopting children from South Korea, a counselor at the Children's Home Society of Minnesota warned the couple that if they chose to raise a child from Korea, "you will no longer be Americans. You will be Korean Americans. "The Boyds took the leap and became the proud parents of daughters Sarah, 14, and Anna, 11. Their home is filled with Korean art and artifacts, they have traveled to South Korea several times, Sarah takes part in a local Korean dance troupe with other adopted kids, and both girls attend "culture camp"—a weeklong summer camp in Wisconsin where young Korean adoptees learn about their native culture, food and music. "Maybe we've gone a little overboard, but we feel we didn't have much of a choice," says Brian," We wanted our girls to feel connected to their birthright."
There was a time when families who adopted children from a different ethnic or racial group were advised to cut ties to the past and assimilate the youngsters as completely as possible. Today adoption advocates agree that embracing the birth culture of these children is vital for parents raising kids from a race or culture other than their own. "When you raise a child of another race, you need to realize that you become an interracial family and to make use of every possible resource you can find to integrate with your child's birth culture," says Cheri Register, author of Are Those Kids Yours？ Raising Children Adopted from Other Countries.
Experts on bicultural adoptions have learned such lessons from years of experience. Susan Cox, 50, who works for Holt International, the oldest overseas-adoption agency in the US and the organization that arranged her own adoption from South Korea in 1956, learned them firsthand. She was adopted by Oregon dairy farmers Marvin and Jane Gourley in the earliest wave of babies brought into American homes and hearts after the Korean War. The Gourleys dealt with their daughter's Asian identity in a way that reflected the thinking of the time: they loved her unconditionally and encouraged her to be a good American. Yet as Cox grew up in tiny Brownsville, questions of identity and race were always simmering(内心充满) just beneath the surface of her all-American childhood. A look in the mirror told Cox that she was different from her parents and three of her sisters, and childhood experiences emphasized the racial isolation from her loving family she sometimes felt. "In any new situation, I felt I always had to explain who I was and where I was from," she recalls.
It was the steady flow of orphaned and abandoned Korean children like Cox, adopted into American homes in the 1950s, that started the trend of transracial adoptions here. The numbers have jumped since then: according to its records, in 2001 more than 19,000 children from other countries—a figure that has tripled over the past five years—were adopted into American families. And since legislation passed in 1995 dictating that adoption from the foster-care system be color-blind, interest in transracial adoption has also boomed.
David Glotzer, 53, an investment adviser, and Charlotte Meyer, 49, an emergency-room nurse, didn't set out to cross the color line to become parents, but they didn't hesitate to do so when given the opportunity to adopt Aaron, now 11.
Daughter Hannah, 7, followed, Both children are African American, but Glotzer, who is Jewish and from New York City, and Meyer, a Catholic who grew up in Phoenix, Ariz., say their family deals with racial boundaries daily. Meyer had to take a class to learn how to braid and care for her daughter's hair properly, and Glotzer sits on the board of PACT, the nonprofit agency based in San Francisco that helped arrange their kids' adoptions. Glotzer and Meyer also decided to live only in racially integrated neighborhoods in Oakland and Berkeley, Calif. They turned down a chan
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian Culture that breeds success, such ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.
Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial (种族的) image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants (移民) were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.
第31题：While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-American students ________.
A) feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English
B) are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian character
C) still worry about unfair treatment in society
D) generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents
The one value that nearly every American would agree upon is individual freedom. Whether you call it individual freedom, individualism, or【62】, it is the cornerstone of American values. It permeates every【63】of their society.
【64】their economic system may be dominated by large corporations, the majority of American businesses are small, and many are owned by an individual or a family. It is part of the "American dream" to "be your own boss", and being an entrepreneur is one of the most【65】ways to improve one's economic future.
Education is often regarded as the key to opportunity,【66】financial security. Americans take a pragmatic【67】to learning, so what one learns outside the classroom【68】internship, extracurricular activities and the like are often considered as important as what is learned in the classroom.【69】, lifelong learning is valued, which results in many adult continuing education programs.
【70】aspect of American society that may【71】non-Americans is the family. The nuclear family structure (parents and children) is【72】that in most cultures in the world, so it is often misunderstood. An important【73】of the American family is to bring about the happiness and independence of each individual family member.
Privacy is also important to Americans. The【74】of individual privacy may sometimes make it slower to make friends.【75】Americans respect one's privacy, they may not go much【76】a friendly "hello". Ironically, it is usually the foreigner who must be more assertive if a friendship is to be【77】.
The rugged individualism valued by most Americans stems from their frontier heritage. Early settlers had to be self-sufficient, which【78】them to be inventive. Their success gave them a(n)【79】about the future and a belief that problems could be solved. This positive spirit【80】Americans to take risks in areas where others might only dream, resulting in tremendous advance【81】technology, health and science.
(63)
A．dignity
B．entity
C．independence
D．autonomy
Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people’s lives. It alters peoples’ ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (维持) modern life. Television has become a baby-sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture, a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate (提高) people into greater understanding, but rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists.
The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV. Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs.
Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible, to do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.
Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.
第26题：According to the author American television is poor in quality because ________.
A) advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas
B) it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio
C) the programs have to be developed in the interests of the sponsors for economic reasons
D) it is controlled by radio companies
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever prevalent.
Overconsumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of over-consumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support？ When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction？
第36题：The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ________.
A) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers
B) gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism
C) led to the reform. of the retailing system
D) resulted in the worship of consumerism
Americans have responded to Lebow&39;s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values.
Opinion surveys in the world&39;s two largest economies-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Overconsumption by the world&39;s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may by a mixed blessing in human terms, too.
The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world, of plenty is somehow hollow-that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social. psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course,. the opposite of overconsumption-poverty-is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed(被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin American, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it co desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we arc left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support？ When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction？
测试题
The emergence of the affluent society after World War II__________.
A.gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers
B.gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism
C.led to the reform of the retailing system
D.resulted in the worship of consumerism
