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"Water clocks" was the first device that didn't use the observation of the celestial bodie
s to calculate the passage of time.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
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A．Y
B．N
C．NG
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更多“"Water clocks" was the first d…”相关的问题
A Brief History of Clock
Clocks
At best, historians know that 5,000-6,000 years ago, great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa started to examine forms of clock-making instead of working with only the monthly and annual calendar. Little is known on exactly how these forms worked or indeed the actual deconstruction of the time, but it has been suggested that the intention was to maximize time available to achieve more as the size of the population grew. Perhaps such future periods of time were intended to benefit the community by allotting specific lengths of time to tasks. Was this the beginning of the working week？
Sun Clocks
With the disappearance of any ancient civilization, such as the Sumerian culture, knowledge is also lost. Whilst we can only hypothesize on the reasons of why the equivalent to the modern wristwatch was never completed, we know that the ancient Egyptians were next to layout a system of dividing the day into parts, similar to hours.
"Obelisks" (tall four-sided tapered monuments) were carefully constructed and even purposefully geographically located around 3500 BC. A shadow was east as the Sun moved across the sky by the obelisk, which it appears was then marked out in sections, allowing people to clearly see the two halves of the day. Some of the sections have also been found to indicate the "year"s longest and shortest days, which it is thought were developments added later to allow identification of other important time subdivisions.
Another ancient Egyptian "shadow clock" or "sundial" has been discovered to have been in use around 1500 BC, which allowed the measuring of the passage of "hours". The sections were divided into ten parts, With two "twilight hours" indicated, occurring in the morning and the evening. For it to work successfully then at midday or noon, the device had to be turned 180 degrees to measure the afternoon hours.
Water Clocks
"Water clocks" were among the earliest time keeping devices that didn't use the observation of the celestial bodies to calculate the passage of time. The ancient Greeks, it is believed, began using water clocks around 325 BC. Most of these clocks were used to determine the hours of the night, but may have also been used during daylight. An inherent problem with the water clock was that they were not totally accurate, as the system of measurement was based on the flow of water either into, or out of, a container which had markers around the sides. Another very similar form. was that of a bowl that sank during a period as it was filled of water from a regulated flow. It is known that water clocks were common across the Middle East, and that these were still being used in North Africa during the early part of the twentieth-century.
Mechanical Clocks
In 1656, "Christian Huygens' (Dutch scientist), made the first "Pendulum(钟摆) clock", with a mechanism using a "natural" period of oscillation(振幅). "Galileo Galilei" is credited, in most historical books, for inventing the pendulum as early as 1582, but his design was not built before his death. Huygens' clock, when built, had an error of "less than only one minute a day". This was a massive leap in the development of maintaining accuracy, as this had previously never been achieved. Later refinements to the pendulum clock reduced this margin of error to "less than 10 seconds a day".
The mechanical clock continued to develop until they achieved an accuracy of "a hundredth-of- a-second a day", when the pendulum clock became the accepted standard in most astronomical observatories.
Quartz Clocks
The running of a "Quartz clock" is based on the piezoelectric property of the quartz crystal. When an electric field is applied to a quartz crystal, it actually changes the shape of the crystal itself, If you then squeeze it or bend it, an electric field is generated. When pla
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
The benefit of biological clocks for humans is ______.
A．passengers can choose the flight time to adjust biological clocks
B．people may sleep at daytime for better biological clocks condition
C．shift workers can avoid their biological clock disorders
D．patients can get the best result by taking medicines at different time
听力原文： I'm sure almost every one of you looked at your watch or at a clock before you came to class today. Watches and clocks seem as much a part of our life as breathing or eating. And yet did you know that watches and clocks were scarce in the United States until the 1850s. In the late 1700s, people didn't know the exact time unless they were near a clock. Those delightful clocks in the squares of European towns were built for the public. After all, most citizens simply couldn't afford a personal time piece. Well into the 1800s in Europe and the United States, the main purpose of a watch, which by the way was worn off the wrist and on a gold chain, was to show others how wealthy you were. The word "wrist watch" didn't even enter the English language until nearly 1900. By then the rapid pace of the industrialization in the United States meant that measuring time had become essential. How could the factory worker get to work on time unless he or she knew exactly what time it was？ Since the efficiency was now measured by how fast the job was done, everyone was interested in time. And since industrialization made possible the manufacture of large quantities of goods, watches became fairly inexpensive. Furthermore electric lights kept factories going around the clock. Being "on time" had entered the language and life of every citizen.
(29)
A．The industrialization of the United States.
B．The development of individual timepieces.
C．Reasons for increased productivity.
D．How wristwatches are manufactured.
【C1】
A．materials
B．metals
C．reserves
D．fuels
听力原文：W: May I help you？
M: Do you sell alarm clocks in this department store？
W: Yes, we have a wide selection. What exactly did you have in mind？
M: I would like an alarm clock that will awaken me with soft music.
W: In that ease, you'll probably be interested in this handsome electric clock radio in a walnut cabinet.
M: Actually, I'd like a small battery-operated clock radio in a plastic case.
W: Here's a model that should suit you perfectly.
M: Yes, that's just what I had in mind. Can I use my credit card to pay for it？
W: I'm sorry, sir, but we don't accept credit cards in this store. The manager doesn't believe in them.
M: Then can you direct me to a store that carries this same model radio but also accepts credit cards？
W: You could try the appliance store on Dawson Street.
M: Thank you for your help. I'll see if the store you recommended has what I want.
(20)
A．In a supermarket.
B．In a restaurant.
C．In an appliance store.
D．In a department store.
A．She doesn't know how to swim.
B．The water was too deep.
C．The water was too cold.
D．She didn't have enough time.
A．She doesn't know how to swim.
B．The water was too deep.
C．Tile water was too cold.
D．She didn't have enough time.
One reason for water shortage is that ______.
A．people in Europe don't turn off their taps
B．people drill too many wells and pollute them
C．the population has been continuously rising
D．there is not much underground water
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
The oxidation of the decayed dead algal bodies can't ______ .
A．lower the amount of oxygen in the fiver water
B．make the water taste badly
C．make the water unsuitable for human consumption
D．make the bacteria dead
