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A．Y
B．N
C．NG
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听力原文： Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Widespread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.
How much paper do you use every year？ Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.
Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parch-ment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.
(29)
A．More jobs could be provided than before.
B．More people could be educated than before.
C．More books could be printed and distributed.
D．More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.
听力原文： The cost is going up for just about everything, and college tuition is no exception. According to a nationwide survey published by the College Board's Scholarship Service, tuition at most American universities will be on average of 9 percent higher this year over last.
The biggest increase will occur at private colleges. Public colleges, heavily subsidized by tax funds, will also increase their tuition, but the increase will be a few percentages points lower than their privately-sponsored neighbors.
As a follow up, the United Press International did their own study at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At M.I.T., advisors recommended that students have $8,900 available for one year's expenses, including $5,300 for tuition, $2,685 for room and board, $630 for personal expenses, and $285 for books and supplies. Ten years ago the tuition was only $2,150. To put that another way, the cost has climbed 150 percent in the last decade.
An additional burden is placed on out-of-state students who must pay extra charges ranging from $200 to $2, 000, and foreign students who are not eligible for scholarships at state-funded universities.
On the brighter side, the survey revealed that college graduates are entering the best job market since the middle 1960s. Job offers are up 16 percent from last year, and salaries are good, at least for graduates in technical fields. For example, a recent graduate in petroleum engineering can expect to make as much as $20,000 per year. A student with a liberal arts degree might expect to make about half that salary.
(30)
A．Average tuition costs increased by 9 percent.
B．Average tuition costs increased by 15 percent.
C．Average tuition costs increased by 90 percent.
D．Average tuition costs increased by 150 percent.
All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends up on the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
Standardized tests should be considered in this context: they provide a quick, objective method of getting some kind of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information~ Whether to use tests; other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
In general, the tests work most effectively when the traits or qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined(for example, ability to do well in a particular course of training pro gram)and least effectively when what is to be measured of predicted cannot be well defined, for example, personality or creativity. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people~ Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized.
In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with ______.
A．the necessity of standardized tests
B．the validity of standardized tests
C．the method used in interpreting the results of standardized tests
D．the theoretical grounds of standardized tests
A．Hold a press conference.
B．Blame the former CEO.
C．Ask for more employees.
D．Reorganize.
A.Elsevier
B.Cambridge University Press和Oxford University Press
C.Clarivate
D.Springer Nature
A.by
B.of
C.with
D.to
A.Press the F2 key
B.Press Alt + F2 simultaneously
C.Press the F12 key
D.Press Alt + F1 simultaneously
A.policy
B.promotion
C.propaganda
D.debate
