Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be s

第1题

Research into the material culture of a nation’s of great importance ________.A) it

Research into the material culture of a nation’s of great importance ________.

A) it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B) it can reflect the development of the nation

C) it helps understand the nation’s Fast and present

D) it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization

点击查看答案

第2题

According to the passage, the coconut palm provides for the islands______.A．the exclusive

According to the passage, the coconut palm provides for the islands______.

A．the exclusive basis of their material culture

B．the important object of religious worship

C．the principal source for craftsmen's ornaments

D．an important factor in a culture based on forest products

点击查看答案

第3题

Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used--what a culture produces. Ex

amining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a th6usand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.

One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out. the influence of the electronic media--radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.

Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ______.

A．it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B．it can reflect the development of the nation

C．it helps understand the nation's past and present

D．it earl demonstrate the nation's civilization

点击查看答案

第4题

Culture refers to the social heritage of a people—the learned patterns for thinking

, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patters in （S1） material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture—（S2） abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional arrangements—and material culture—physical object like （S3） cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary （S4） speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another （S5） language—the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, （S6） literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world （S7） of experience we share with other members of our group. Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind （S8） of map for relating to others. Consider how you feel your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh （S9） at you？ Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, （S10） ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a person’s culture, we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior.

点击查看答案

第5题

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage？A．Musical instruments

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage？

A．Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.

B．Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.

C．Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.

D．The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.

点击查看答案

第6题

Which of the following best summarized the main idea of the passage？A) Musical inst

Which of the following best summarized the main idea of the passage？

A) Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner later be replaced by computers.

B) Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.

C) Folk songs cannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.

D) The development of music culture is highly dependent or its material aspect.

点击查看答案

第7题

"Culture consists of all shared products of human society" （Robertson, 1981 ). This means

"Culture consists of all shared products of human society" (Robertson, 1981 ). This means not only such material things as cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns, languages. Putting it simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society, "the ways of a people".

Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, the maintaining of culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture, it reflects culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds, as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.

We should not go further into the relationship between language and culture. What needs to be stressed here is that the two interact, and that understanding of one requires understanding of the other.

Social scientists tell us that cultures differ from one another, that each culture is unique. As cultures are diverse, so languages are diverse. It is only natural then that with differences in cultures and differences in languages, difficulties often arise in communicating between cultures and across cultures. Understanding is not always easy.

Learning a foreign language well means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, gram mar, words and idioms. It means learning also to see the world . as native speakers of that language see it, learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customs, and behaviors of their society, learning to understand their "language of the mind". Learning a language, in fact, is inseparable from learning its culture.

According to the first paragraph, the term "culture" refers to ______.

A．things like cities, organizations and schools

B．ideas, customs, family patterns, and languages

C．all things produced by human race

D．the total that constitute a society

点击查看答案

第8题

France might be described as an 'all-round' country, one that has achieved results of equa

l importance in many diverse branches of artistic and intellectual activity. Most of the great【C1】______ of Europe 【C2】______ in some special branch of art or of thought, Italy in the plastic arts, Germany in【C3】______ and music; England in poetry and the sciences. France,【C4】 the contrary, has【C5】______ philosophers, musicians, painters, scientists, without any noticeable【C6】______ of her effort. The【C7】______ ideal has always been the man who has a good, all-round【C8】______ , better still, an all-round understanding; it is the ideal of general culture as opposed【C9】______ specialization.

This is the ideal【10】______ in the education France provides【C11】______ her children. By studying this 【C12】______ we in England may learn a few things useful to ourselves, even though, perhaps indeed because, the French system is very【C13】______ from our own in its aims, its organization and its results. The French child, too, the raw material of this education, is【C14】______ the England child and differences in this material may well【C15】______ for differences in the processes employed.

The French child, boy or girl, gives one the impression of being【C16】______ more precocious (过早发育的) than the product of the【C17】______ English climate. This precocity is encouraged by his【C18】______ among adults, not in a nursery. English parents readily【C19】______ their conversation to the child's point of view and interest themselves more in his games and childish preoccupations. The English are, as regards national character, younger than the French, or, to put it another way, there is in England no deep【C20】______ between the life of the child and that of the grown man.

【C1】

A．universities

B．nations

C．societies

D．cities

点击查看答案

第9题

The National Endowment for the Arts recently released the results of its"Reading at Risk"

The National Endowment for the Arts recently released the results of its

"Reading at Risk" survey, which described the movement of the American

public away from books and literature and toward television and electronic

media. According to the survey, "reading is on the decline on every region, 【S1】 ______.

within every ethnic group, and at every educational level".

The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie vote, upheld 【S2】 ______.

the government's right to obtain bookstore and library records under a provision

of the USA Patriot Act. The House proposal would have barred the

federal government from demand library records, reading lists, book customer 【S3】 ______.

lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations.

These two events are completely unrelated to, yet they echo each other in 【S4】 ______.

the message they send about the place of books and reading in American

culture. At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic system 【S5】______.

depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. 【S6】______.

All of these are skills promoted by reading and discussing books and literature.

At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of our

country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected

to desirable activities that might undermine our system of government rather 【S7】______.

than helping democracy flourish.

Our culture's decline in reading begin well before the existence of the 【S8】______.

Patriot Act. During the 1980s' culture wars, school systems across the country

pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by 【S9】______.

parents and teachers to be inappropriate. Now what started in schools across the

country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact 【S10】______.

on the reading habits of the American public.

【S1】

点击查看答案

第10题

听力原文： Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars

of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly (27)because the tasks themselves changed in character.

(26)The 19th century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and Offices. There reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over (28)whether books should be used for information, and over whether the reading material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.

(33)

A．Silent reading had not been discovered.

B．There were few places available for private reading.

C．Few people could read for themselves.

D．People relied on reading for entertainment.

点击查看答案

第11题

听力原文：Reading to oneself is a modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars o

听力原文： Reading to oneself is a modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. (33)Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. (32)The 19th century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices; There reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. (34)Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information, and over whether the reading material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with as still in education. However, whatever its virtues are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.

(33)

A．Selling home furnishings.

B．Renting furnished apartments.

C．Selling used furniture.

D．Renting home furnishings.

点击查看答案