题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
B．Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
C．Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
D．Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
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更多“A．Major European airlines will…”相关的问题
A.Major European airlines will go bankrupt,
B.Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
C.Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
D.Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
A．tie up resources and capital by bureaucracy
B．encourage important investments in environmentally friendly technologies
C．take action to streamline air traffic control and diminish flight detours and holding patterns
D．All of the above.
A．a better way benefiting the world needs further consideration
B．the problem of air pollution caused by airline industry can't be solved immediately
C．the new regulation of the European Union should be performed globally after 2012
D．the International Civil Aviation Organization should draw up any rules that all countries comply
ACME Atlantic is a well-known and respected trading company.
We handle with imports directly from manufacturers in 35 different 【M1】______
countries, often to our own specifications, and currently import to 【M2】______
46 different countries worldwide.
We are looking for enthusiastic people to work in their office in 【M3】______
Beruda on temporary 3-, 6- and 9-month contracts. Applicants must
be able to speak and write at most one foreign language fluently and 【M4】______
can be nationals of any country.
Experience in import/export will be advantage, but as special 【M5】______
training will be available this is not essential. The main requirement
is willing to work as a member of a team, to cope with pressure, to 【M6】______
use the telephone in a foreign language and in English and be prepared 【M7】______
occasionally to work long hours when necessary.
There are several posts available and long-term prospects are good,
for initially all successful applicants will be contracted for a maximum 【M8】______
of 9 months.
The salary we will offer is excellent. We pay for your return air fair 【M9】______
and provide adequate accommodation at a nominal rent.
Please apply in your own handwriting, enclose your resume, to 【M10】______
Charles Fox, European Sales Office, ACME Atlantic Ltd, 45
Pentonville Road, London EC2 4AC.
【M1】
A．major
B．minor
C．mortal
D．metallic
The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passenger, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from there.
From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.
The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.
In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-level traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carders say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-particularly Air France-as having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.
The airlines' optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers.
Airlines are confident in the fact that ______.
A．they are more powerful than other European airlines
B．their total loss won't go beyond a drop of 5% passengers
C．their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years
D．traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air
Questions are based on the following passage．
It was a hurricane season almost without hurricanes. There were just two: Humbertoand Ingrid， and both were relatively weak Category 1 storms. That made the 2013 Atlantichurricane season， which ended Saturday， the least active in more than 30 years——forreasons that remain puzzling.
Heading into the hurricane season， all signs pointed toward a very active one.Forecast teams predicted seven to nine hurricanes， with higher-than-average ACE （累积气象学中用于衡量飓风强度指数的指标） . Only the European Center for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasting predicted about 80 percent of average ACE， but itstill said there would be six or seven hurricanes.
Why was this season so inactive？ What did the forecasts miss？ Although there aresome hypotheses， it is not entirely clear， but in the meantime， there are some potentialexplanations.
Major signals such as the E1 Nino Southern Oscillation （ENSO）， surface pressureand sea-surface temperature all pointed to an average to above-average season. But therewere some possible suppressing factors.
Even over the long three-month window of August to October， the vast majority ofthe tropical Atlantic was dominated by drier-than-normal air， especially in the deeptropics off the coast of Africa. Dry air can quickly weaken or dissipate a tropical cyclone （热带气旋） ， or inhibit its formation.
The average temperature profile in the region was less conducive to thunderstormgrowth and development during the core months， which means that the amount of risingair in the region may have been reduced as well.
Tropical waves， the embryos of many tropical cyclones， have their origins overcontinental Africa. A persistent feature called the African easterly jet stream （东非东风急流 ） ——a fast-moving river of air in the low and middle levels of the atmosphere——extendsfrom Ethiopia westward into the tropical Atlantic Ocean. It breaks down into discretewaves， and every few days another wave leaves the coast. Some are barely noticeable，while others become tropical storms.
During the height of the hurricane season， most tropical cyclones form. fromdisturbances off the coast of Africa.
Winds in the jet normally cruise along at 20 to 25 mph at an altitude of 10，000 feetfrom August to October， but this year they were about 12 to 17 mph weaker. One would expectthat to have a big impact on the amplitude （振幅 ） of easterly waves and the hurricaneseason.
How was the season"s inactivity related to climate change？ It"s not accurate toassociate any particular season with climate change. The reason is that intra- and inter-seasonal variability is so large that any subtle signals of influence from climate change areoverwhelmed.
What did the signs predict before the hurricane season came？ 查看材料
A.There would be more hurricanes this year than average.
B.There would be no hurricanes at all this year.
C.There would be fewer hurricanes this year than before.
D.There would be another active hurricane season.
The Science that Imitates Nature's Mechanisms
A European industrialist not long ago became very suspicious about American purposes and intentions in certain areas of scientific research. He learned by chance that the United States was signing contracts with scientists in England, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina, Australia, and other countries, calling for research into such matters as the function of the frog's eye and the learning ability of the octopus.
It seemed to the industrialist that such studies could not possibly have any practical value. He seriously believed that the United States was employing the foreign scientists to do meaningless work and occupy their time, while American scientists were busy in the really important areas of science. He was unaware of the fact that the United States was spending much more money at home than abroad for similar studies.
Nature does things better than people
Actually, the research he questioned involves a field of science so new that most people have never heard of it. Named bionics in 1960, this science is the study of living creatures, a study in search of principle applicable to engineering. Nature has operated a vast laboratory for two billion years, and bionics probes the secrets of the marvelous "special-purpose" mechanisms that have developed.
Take the frog's eye for example. A frog eats only live insects, and its eye instantly spots a moving fly within reach of its tongue. You can surround a frog with dead (therefore motionless) flies, and it will never know they are there.
If we can completely understand the mechanic of the frog's eye, we can develop a "map reading eye" for missiles and a "pattern--recognition eye" for our basic air defense system called SAGE (semi-automatic ground environment). SAGE is badly overworked. Its international network of radar "EYES" supplies a tremendous mass of unimportant details about meteorites, clouds, flights of ducks, geese, and friendly planes, and it sometimes gets confused. Until we can build a mechanical frog's eye into SAGE, it will remain somewhat inefficient.
Military and civilian uses
The frog's eye holds promise in civilian life, too. For example, at most major airports the airtraffic problem--with 20 million flights per year to handle--has reached a critical stage. We must develop better devices for monitoring and controlling air traffic.
Special-purpose mechanism as exciting as the frog's eye can be found throughout nature. The bat is under study because the bat's sonar is much more efficient than man-made sonar. By bouncing supersonic squeaks off objects around him, the bat flies about with remarkable skills. A bat can fly through a dark room strung with dozens of piano wires and never touch a single wire.
The mosquito is under study because we need to solve the problem of Static that lessens the efficiency of our communications systems. A mosquito, simply by vibrating its wings, can set up a hum that will cut through any interfering noise (man or nature can create loud whistles or thunder, for instance) and give a message to another mosquito 150 feet away.
Electrical system
Theoretically at least we should be able to copy these mechanisms found in nature, for all biological organisms-from mosquito to frog to man--are in part actually electrical systems. The sense organs that "connect" all animals to the outside world are merely transducers--instruments like a microphone, TV camera, or phonograph pickup arm--which convert one form. of energy into another. A microphone, for example, converts sound into electrical signals which are carried to a loudspeaker and converted back into sound waves. Similarly, the nerve cells of a man's ear convert a cry for help into electrical pulses which are sped over his nervous system to the brain. The brain receives the s
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air- borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic snow were declining.
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the. journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.
Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.
The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.
Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
1. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US .
A、 was discouraged
B、was enforced by law
C、was prohibited by law
D、 was introduced
2. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists .
A、are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B、feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
C、still consider lead pollution a problem
D、lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
Earth: Melting in the Heat？
Glaciers are melting; the ice caps are disappearing into the oceans; sea levels may rise by many meters as a consequence. Indigenous (本土的) Arctic peoples will find their food stocks gone, while fresh water supplies in Asia and south America will disappear as the glaciers which provide them melt away; penguins, polar bears and seals will find their habitats gone, their traditional lives unlivable.
But how realistic is this picture？ Is the world's ice really disappearing, or is it unscientific hot air？
A European satellite named Cryosat was designed to provide definitive answers to some of these questions. A launcher fault destroyed the mission in October 2005, but the European Space Agency has approved a replacement. In the meantime, here is our global snapshot.
The Antarctic
Huge, pristine (质朴的), dramatic, unforgiving—the Antarctic is where the biggest of all global changes could begin.
There is so much ice here that if it all melted, sea levels globally would rise hugely—perhaps as much as 80m. Say goodbye to London, New York, Sydney, Bangkok...in fact, the majority of the world's major cities.
But will it happen？ Scientists divide the Antarctic into three zones: the east and west Antarctic ice sheets; and the Peninsula, the tongue of land which points up towards the southern tip of South America.
"Everybody thinks that the Antarctic is shrinking due to climate change, but the reality is much more complex," says David Vaughan, a principal investigator at the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, U.K. "Parts of it appear to be thickening as a result of snowfall increases, but the Peninsula is thinning at an alarming rate due to warming. The West Antarctic sheet is also thinning, and we're not sure of the reason why."
On the Up
Temperatures in the Peninsula appear to be increasing at around twice the global average—about 2℃ over the last 50 years. Those figures are based on measurements made by instruments at scientific stations.
Earlier this year, David Vaughan's group published research showing that the vast majority of glaciers along the Peninsula—87% of the 244 studied—are in retreat. The ice dumped into the ocean as the glaciers retreat should not make much difference to global sea levels—perhaps a few centimeters.
More worrying, potentially, are the vast ice sheets covering the rest of Antarctica. Making temperature measurements for the continent as a whole is difficult; it is a vast place—more than 2,000 km across—there are few research stations, and temperatures vary naturally by 2～3℃ from year to year. But measurements indicate that in the west, melting is underway.
"About one-third of the West Antarctic ice sheet is thinning," says Dr. Vaughan, "on average by about 10 cm per year, but in the worst places by 3～4m per year."
The rock on which the West Antarctic ice rests is below sea level, and British Antarctic Survey researchers believe the thinning could be due to the ice sheet melting on its underside.
"It may be that the ocean is warming and that's causing the ice to melt, but there may be other masons as well; for example, there's lots of volcanism in that area and so that could change how much heat is delivered to the underside of the ice sheet."
Cryosat should help to pin down what is happening at the West Antarctic fringe. The radar altimeters on board its predecessors ERS1 and ERS2 have been unable to map the steep slopes at the coast, whereas Cryosat's instrument should be able to cope.
If the entire West Antarctic ice sheet did melt, sea levels globally would rise, by around 5m. But at the moment, there is no sign of that happening.
One recent scientific paper attempted to calculate probabilities for how much West Antarctic melting woul
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
