题目内容
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Now it is widely accepted that ________.
A) the present system of social insurance should be improved
B) everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any “reason”
C) everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the country
D) people have to change their attitude towards the poor
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Women are a force change in Australian society. The pride of place
siren to men as almost the sole shapers of Australian history is being
challenged.
Today husbands more often not share household chores and more 【S1】______.
men are finding women alongside them in the workplace. It may be
some time before there is a woman Prime Minister of Australia, but the 【S2】______.
need for women at the top -- and their fight to be there -- is now widely
recognized.
The growing role of women in the Australian work force is both a
cause or a consequence of changing attitudes and lifestyles in Australian 【S3】______.
society.
In offices, laboratories and factories, in social and politics 【S4】______.
organizations, women are making their presence feel. There are few 【S5】______.
remaining legal barriers against women in Australia in jobs, commercial
contracts, politics and social life. The barriers that exist mainly stem
from traditional attitudes built into society and is not easily changed by 【S6】______.
new laws.
Women have brought about the most significant change in the
Australian work force simply by entering it in thousands, and for 【S7】______.
seeking which before were assumed to be suitable for women only. 【S8】______.
There are now women in Australia drive buses, trams, taxis, racing cars 【S9】______.
and 50-tonne trucks. They are race-horse jockeys. They are apprentice
electricians and mechanics. They are air-traffic controllers. They shear
sheep and working as laborers. They are judges and Members of 【S10】______.
Parliament.
【S1】
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm？ Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work？ Should we not Create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer？ Should we not aim to revive the household and neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work？
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form. of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th' centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail then
by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage as men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community in pre-industrial times, while now it becomes customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Also as employment became the dominant form. of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and re- sources away from the Utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
Research carried out in recent opinion polls shows that ______.
A．the present high unemployment figures are a fact of life
B．new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures
C．available employment must be most widely distributed among the unemployment
D．available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement“switched on” a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would“smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to the author, babies learn to do things which______.
A．are directly related to pleasure
B．will meet their physical needs
C．will bring them a feeling of success
D．will satisfy their curiosity
It is generally recognized,【C9】______ , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,【C10】______ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process,【C11】______ its impact on the media was not immediately【C12】______ . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as【C13】______ , with display becoming sharper and storage【C14】______ increasing. They were thought of, like people,【C15】______ generations, with the distance between genera-much【C16】______ .
It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the【C17】______ within which we now live. The communications revolution has【C18】______ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been【C19】______ views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weed【C20】______ "harmful" outcomes: And generalizations have proved difficult.
【C1】
A．between
B．before
C．since
D．later
It is generally recognized,【C9】______ , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,【C10】______ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process,【C11】______ its impact on the media was not immediately【C12】______ . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as【C13】______ , with display becoming sharper and storage【C14】______ increasing. They were thought of, like people,【C15】______ generations, with the distance between generations much【C16】______ .
It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the【C17】______ within which we now live. The communications revolution has【C18】______ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been【C19】______ views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed【C20】______ harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
【C1】
A．between
B．before
C．since
D．later
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where on milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on”. A display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
第26题：According to the author, babies learn to do things which ________.
A) are directly related to pleasure
B) will meet their physical needs
C) will bring them a feeling of success
D) will satisfy their curiosity
The personal computer (PC) has been around for decades. But it was only in the mid-1990s, with the explosive growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web, that it was first recognized that the technology can be used to do business. It is now fully recognized that shopping in cyberspace, the name given to this world wide electronic network, is the way of the future.
A recent study by the Department of Trade and Industry (the DTI) provides some impressive data. In the United States, the world' s largest consumer of goods， about 21% of the population is now online. Europe is still behind, with only 10% in Britain,for example. But, as we've seen before, when it comes to technology, nothing stays the same for long. The number of people online is rising dramatically throughout the world.
1.According to the passage, how was the cellphone like. a decade ago？
A.It interested few people
B.It cost a lot but was used everywhere
C.It had small size with bad connection
22.People realized that the technology can help do business when
A.the cellphone was everywhere
B.the Internet began to be widely used
C.the personal computer was more and more popular
2.According to the passage, what is the way of the future？
A.Use of personal computers throughout the world
B.Buying or selling via the Internet and the World Wide Web
C.The explosive growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web
3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true？
A.America consumes more goods than other countries
B.The population online in Britain is smaller than that in the Unites States
C.The number of people online is rising slowly throughout the world
4.The passage mainly talks about
A.the cellphone and its influence in some countries
B.development of the Internet technology and its influence
C.the data provided by the Department of Trade and Industry
The conditions we live in are different from those of any prior civilization, and they give less support to men's claims of superiority than perhaps any other historical era. When these conditions weaken that support, men can rely only on previous tradition, or their attempts to socialize their children, to shore up their faltering advantages. Such rhetoric is not likely to be successful against the new objective conditions and the claims of aggrieved women. Thus, men are correct when they feel they are losing some of their privileges, even if many continue to laugh at the women's liberation movement.
The new conditions can be listed concretely, but I shall also give you a theoretical formulation of the process. Concretely, because of the increased use of various mechanical gadgets and devices, fewer tasks require much strength. As to those that still require strength, most men cannot do them either. Women can now do more household tasks that men once felt only they could do, and still more tasks are done by repair specialists called in to do them. With the development of modern warfare, there are few, if any, important combat activities that only men can do. Women are much better educated than before.
With each passing year, psychological and sociological research reduces the areas in which men are reported to excel over women and discloses far more overlap in talents, so that even when males still seem to have an advantage, it is but a slight one. It is also becoming more widely understood that the posts in government and business are not best filled by the stereotypical aggressive male but by people, male or female, who are sensitive to others' needs, adept in obtaining cooperation, and skilled in social relations. Finally, in one sphere after another, the number of women who try. to achieve rises, and so does the number who succeed.
It can be inferred that' the main source of men's resistance to women's liberation is the feeling that ______.
A．women are now better educated
B．women can now hold executive positions
C．men are no longer indispensable
D．men are no longer superior
Cheese is perhaps the first food to be manufactured that is currently
consumed by humans. The oldest written records have references to cheese S1.______
as a food. Today, cheese is available in an almost numerable variety of
kinds, flavors and consistencies. Cheese is made by many different races of S2.______
people under wide varying conditions all over tide face of the earth. And the S3.______
peoples who eat it like the various flavors and consistencies produced. S4.______
For the better understanding of the art and sciences of cheese-making S5.______
one needs to know what kind of product it is and how the manufacturer pro-
cedures developed over the years. Even though the varieties differ quite
widely in composition, cheese can be characterized as a product made from S6.______
milk in that the protein is coagulated and concentrated. S7.______
For centuries, cheese-making has been a farm and home industry with
the individual producers using surplus milk to make small batches of
cheese. Goat cheese making in the US still follows this general practice. It S8.______
was, and still is to a considerate degree, an art; since the middle of
the 19th century, however, more and more cheese has been made in specially
equipped factories with greater application of science in the manufacturing
procedure. Milk from all species has been used for cheese making. Be- S9.______
cause more attention has been given with increasing the productivity of the
bovine species, a large proportion of commercial cheese is now made from S10.______
cow milk; the milk from the buffalo, zebu, sheep and goats is also used extensively.
【S1】
