首页 > 公务员
题目内容 （请给出正确答案）
[主观题]

Who coined the term personal computer？ The Oxford Dictionary says Byte magazine used i

t first, in its May 1976 issue. But Yale Law School Fred Shapiro decided to do some digging on his own--- with help from JSTOR, an online electronic database for academic journals. JSTOR’s arts and sciences archive offers scans of million pages from 117 journals, some dating back to 150 years. Using character-recognition software, JSTOR creates searchable files for each document, allowing full-text searches across 15 academic fields.

While searching for the origin of personal computer, Shapiro uncovered several computing claims. Stewart Brand, founder of Whole Earth Catalog, says on his Web site that he first referred to a “personal computer” in a 1976 book; and GUI pioneer Alan Kay is said to have used the term in a paper published in 1972.

But a search on JSTOR’s general science archive turned up what Shapiro says is the earliest recorded use of personal computer, in the October 4,1968, issue of Science. The issue contains a Hewlett-Packard advertisement for its new HP 9100A. “The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer,” the ad says, is “ready, willing and able …to relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer.” The $4900 device---a desktop scientific calculator equipped with magnetic cars---does not seem like much of a computer nowadays. And at 40 pounds, it was not very personal, either. But according to Shapiro, it was the first device to be called a personal computer.

1.The term “personal computer” first appeared().

A.in Byte magazine

B.in a Hewlett-Packard ad in Science

C.in a 1974 book

D.in a paper published by Alan Kay

2.What is JSTOR ？()

A.It is an online database

B.It is an academic journal

C.It is a kind of computer software

D.It is a research organization

3.Shapiro succeeded in his research for the origin of the term personal computer by().

A.looking into the Oxford Dictionary

B.digging into magazines that are more than 150 years old

C.scanning JSTOR’s general science archive on line

D.focusing on academic journal such as Science

4.With a HP9100A, according to the Hewlett-Packard ad, you().

A.can easily get on the big computer

B.do not have to get on the big computer

C.can save a lot of money

D.will be willing and ready to do scientific work

5.What do we learn from the passage about the first device that was called personal computer？()

A.It looked very different from the PC today.

B.It was small, light and easy to carry around.

C.It was as efficient as a big computer.

D.It relieved people of a great deal of tedious work.

查看答案
答案
收藏
如果结果不匹配，请 联系老师 获取答案
您可能会需要：
您的账号：，可能还需要：
您的账号：
发送账号密码至手机
发送
重置密码 查看订单 联系客服
安装优题宝APP，拍照搜题省时又省心！
更多“Who coined the term personal c…”相关的问题
第1题
Who coined the cognitive approach（)？

A.Jean Piaget

B.J. S. Bruner

C.Chomsky

D.J.

E. Carroll

点击查看答案
第2题
What is another term for a network security manager who acts as a potential hacker （a

A.An agent

B.An auditor

C.An assessor

D.An analyzer

点击查看答案
第3题
Who used the term Singularity to refer to the era when human beings are replaced？A．A mathe

Who used the term Singularity to refer to the era when human beings are replaced？

A．A mathematician.

B．A computer scientist.

C．A science-fiction writer.

D．A computer entrepreneur.

点击查看答案
第4题
Birth ControlThe term birth control refers to the volitional （自觉的) control of the numbe

Birth Control

The term birth control refers to the volitional (自觉的) control of the number and spacing of children in a family. It encompasses the wide range of rational and irrational methods that have been used in the attempt to regulate human fertility, as well as the response of individuals and of groups within society to the choices offered by such methods. Birth control has been and remains controversial. The U. S. reformer Margaret Sanger coined the phrase in 1914～1915 and, like the social movement she founded, the term has been caught up in a quest for acceptance, generating many synonyms, family planning, planned parenthood, responsible parenthood, voluntary parenthood, contraception, fertility regulation, and fertility control.

Human reproduction involves a range of activities and events, from sexual intercourse through birth, and depends as well on a series of physiological interactions, such as the timing of ovulation within the menstrual cycle. The visible events are central to the transmission of life and have been subject to social and religious control. The invisible factors in human reproduction gave rise early on to speculation and in modern times have become the topic of scientific investigation and manipulation. New knowledge relevant to birth control has diffused at different rates through various social groups and has not always been available to those with the greatest need. Hence, the conflicts and controversies surrounding birth control have been complex and impassioned. The disagreement over birth control arises in part from the debate over what is natural and what is artificial (and, to some, unacceptable).

In 1790 a Venetian monk, Gianmaria Ortis, concluded that human population growth could not continue indefinitely. Malthus' work a few years later stimulated more discussion and also provided the intellectual clue that inspired Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution through the survival of the fittest. In 1798 Thomas Malthus wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population. It posed the conundrum (大难题) of geometrical population growth's outstripping arithmetic expansion in resources. The debate about human numbers remained academic, however, until the 1950s, when a surge in population occurred as a result of the comparative peace and prosperity following World War Ⅱ.

In Malthus' time world population was under 1,000,000,000, and when Sanger and Stopes opened the first birth control clinics population was still less than 2,000,000,000. In 1960 global population surpassed 3,000,000,000, and the next 1,000,000,000 was added in a mere 15 years. In the 19th century the population of industrialized nations rarely grew by more that 1 percent per annum, but in the 1960s and '70s many developing countries exploded at a rate of 2 to 3 percent per year.

Rapid population growth has several economic consequences. It requires heavier investment in education, health, and transport merely to maintain these services at their previous level; yet, the working population has a higher burden of dependence to support, making both individual and national saving more difficult. Although population growth is not the only problem dividing rich and poor countries, it is one important variable that has widened the gap in growth in per capita income between developed and developing nations. Advocates of birth control see it as a means to prevent the personal and social pressures that result from rapid population growth.

There is a marked relationship between patterns of reproduction and the risk of death to the mother and her child. Maternal deaths and infant mortality are up to 60 percent higher among girls under 15 than among women who have a child in their early 20s. The risk of death to the mother and her child rises again in the second half of the 30s. Maternal and infant mortality is lowest for the second and third deliveries.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

点击查看答案
第5题
What did Dow do to protect the brand Styrofoam？ 查看材
料

A. Send letters to the White House.

B. Send 25～30 letters to news agency annually.

C. Sue those who misuse the term in court.

D. Ask those who misuse the term for compensation.

点击查看答案
第6题
The author uses the term “alarmists” （Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who ________.

The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who ________.

A) use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence

B) initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality

C) assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior

D) use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior

点击查看答案
第7题
听力原文：W: What type of term paper do you expect us to write and what is the deadline？M:

听力原文：W: What type of term paper do you expect us to write and what is the deadline？

M: Your term paper should be typed, double-spaced, and not less than twenty pages long.

Q: Who are the two speakers？

(17)

A．A professor and a student.

B．A hotel manager and a tourist.

C．A salesman and a customer.

D．A store owner and his manager.

点击查看答案
第8题
____________ was a term created by the French novelist, Emile Zola, who claimed that h
umans are subjected to hunger, sexual obsession, and hereditary defects. At the end of the nineteenth century, a group of American writers, among which ____________ with his Sister Carrie was the most significant figure, attempted to involve a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment.

点击查看答案
第9题
AutomationThe term automation was coined around 1946 by the automobile industry to describ

Automation

The term automation was coined around 1946 by the automobile industry to describe the increased use of automatic devices and controls in mechanized production lines. Today, it is widely used in a manufacturing context but is also applied outside of manufacturing in connection with a variety of systems in which there is a significant substitution of mechanical, electrical, or computerized action for human effort and intelligence. An operation is commonly described as automated if it is Substantially more automatic than its predecessor.

In its most general usage, automation can be defined as a technology concerned with carrying out a process by means of programmed commands combined with the automatic feedback of data relating to the execution of those commands. The resulting system is capable of operating without human intervention. The development of this technology has become increasingly dependent on the use of computers and computer-related technologies. As a consequence, automated systems have become sophisticated and complex. Advanced systems of this sort now represent a level of capability and performance that surpass in many ways the abilities of humans to accomplish the same activities.

Automation technology has matured to a point where a number of other technologies have developed from it and have achieved a recognition and status of their own. Robotics is one such technology. It is a specialized branch of automation in which the automated machine possesses certain characteristics. The most typical humanlike characteristic of a modern industrial robot is its powered mechanical arm. The robot's arm can be programmed to do a sequence of motions to perform. useful tasks, such as loading and unloading parts at a production machine or making a sequence of spot-welds on the body of an automobile. The robot will repeat the motion pattern until it is reprogrammed to perform. some alternative task. As these examples of robot applications suggest, an industrial robot is typically used to replace a human worker in a factory operation.

The field of robotics has its roots in the development of automation technology. Numerical control (NC) and telecherics are two important areas of technology that constitute the foundations of robotics technology.

Over the years, the social merits of automation have been argued by labour leaders, government officials, business executives, and college professors. No doubt the biggest controversy has focused on the employment issue: What is the effect of automation on employment？ There are other important aspects of the automation issue as well, including its effect on productivity, economic competition, education, and quality of life.

The advantages commonly attributed to automation include increased production rates, more efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved safety, shorter workweeks for labour, and reduction of factory lead times.

Automated machines are usually designed to operate at higher production rates than humans are capable of achieving. This increased productivity has been one of the biggest reasons for justifying the adoption of automated systems. Notwithstanding the claims of high quality from good workmanship by humans, automated systems are generally capable of carrying out the manufacturing process with less variability that humans make, thus yielding greater control and consistency of product quality. In addition, the increased process control makes possible more efficient use of materials, resulting in less waste.

Automated manufacturing systems often, remove workers from the workplace, thus safeguarding them against hazards in the work environment. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) was enacted with the objective of making work safer and protecting the physical well-being of the worker on a

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

点击查看答案
第10题
听力原文：There student thieves look out. Students can easily get many research papers off

听力原文： There student thieves look out. Students can easily get many research papers off the Internet. A new Website could help teachers catch copiers.

Some students research and write their term papers. Others, however, just copy them off the Internet and turn them in as their work.

Two graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley have written a program to catch the students who copy. It compares a student's paper with every other term paper on the Web.

A hundred million Web pages on the Internet are searched. The top 20 search engines are used for the search. This service can be found at www. Plagiarism.com. They also have a local database of term papers. Teachers who sign up can send their students' 'papers to the Website. Within 24 hours they know if the student did the work. Every sentence that was a word-for-word match with another sentence either found on the Internet or within our database is coded.

A U. C. Berkeley professor told his class he would use the program. Still some students copied papers. All 300 papers went through the program. In 45 papers or 15 percent of students had cut and pasted large amounts of material from different World Wide Websites.

Students that say they didn't copy can defend themselves. They can show the instructor where they got their material. Students at universities try hard to get good grades. Some students welcome the Internet research watchdog because they say it is fair to all. They think copying is wrong.

Instead of researching and writing their papers, some students ______.

A．ask other students to write their papers

B．draw pictures instead

C．copy from reference books

D．copy papers or large parts of papers from the Internet

点击查看答案
第11题
The word "laser" was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emissi
on of Radiation. Ordinary light, from the Sun of a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention. Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom of molecules holding onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit it as light.

Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in a paper published in 1917. However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker. It was not until after the Second World War that physicists began trying to make stimulated emission dominate. They sought ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many others to emit light, amplifying it to much higher powers.

The first to succeed was Charles H. Townes, then at Columbia University in New York. Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves, which have a much longer wavelength, and built a device he called a "maser", for Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later. Before long, many other physicists were building masers and trying to discover how to produce stimulated emission at even shorter wavelengths.

The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and Arthur Schawlow, at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves. At about the same time, similar ideas crystallized in the mind of Gordon Gould, then a 37-year-old graduate student at Columbia, who wrote them down in a series of notebooks. Townes and Schawlow published their ideas in a scientific journal, Physical Review Letter, but Gould fried a patent application. Three decades later, people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser.

The word "intervention" (Line 3, Para. 1) can best be replaced by ______.

A．need

B．device

C．influence

D．reproduction

点击查看答案
搜索
优题宝APP特色功能 语音搜题 智能识别 秒出答案 优题宝APP特色功能 拍照搜题 哪里不会 拍哪里
账号：
你好，喜财猫用户 复制账号
首页 题库 指南 APP 我的
退出 登录/注册
发送账号至手机
密码将被重置
获取验证码
发送
温馨提示
该问题答案仅针对搜题卡用户开放，请点击购买搜题卡。
马上购买搜题卡
我已购买搜题卡， 登录账号 继续查看答案
重置密码
确认修改
长沙泛函教育科技有限公司  版权所有  ©2024
湘ICP备20014701号   湘公安备案43019002002137号   营业执照
违法和不良信息举报电话：400-118-7898
举报/反馈/投诉邮箱：deng＃ujigu.com（请将＃替换成@）