什么时期可引导婴儿发“baba”、“mama”等语音,提高其对发音的兴趣?()
A.新生儿期
B.1~3个月
C.3~6个月
D.6~8个月
E.8~12个月
A.新生儿期
B.1~3个月
C.3~6个月
D.6~8个月
E.8~12个月
"Theories around at that time said that infants perceived speech sounds by producing them," says Jusczyk. In other words, by listening to themselves babble, babies learned to tell one sound from another. Mom, Dad, or the babysitter would reinforce these sounds by repeating their utterances like, "Baba! That's bottle."
Researchers, however, had not developed methods of deciphering what went through a baby's mind before baby uttered his first "Ma" or "Papa". So Jusczyk and other experimentalists devised techniques that allow them to study the pre-babbler. They have demonstrated that speech is the culmination of a tremendous amount of learning. Long before a baby utters his first "baba", the researchers discovered, his mind is furiously sorting out the sounds and shapes of words and sentences.
Colleagues credit Jusczyk for being one of the key experimentalists to bridge the gap between the study of infant speech perception and language development. "Peter is the father of a lot of this work," says Robin Cooper, an associate professor of psychology, who studies infant language acquisition.
In their decades-long search for the universal truths about language acquisition, Jusczyk and collaborators around the world have found that at every stage of development, babies know a lot more than they'd been given credit for. The very seeds of language learning, in fact, start to develop in the womb (子宫).
Researchers cannot easily investigate language perception in the womb, however. So they study newborn babies' reactions to sounds that mimic the muffled language that penetrates the womb. In this technique, newborn babies listen to filtered recordings of a woman (the baby's mother or another mother) speaking, while sucking on a pacifier (婴儿用的橡皮奶头) that is attached to a pressure transducer (传感器). Filtering erases the crisp edges of words, while leaving intact other features such as rhythm, melody, pitch, and intonation—similar to what a fetus (胎儿) hears in the womb. "It's kind of like listening to a stereo next door," says William Fifer, an associate professor of developmental psychobiology at Columbia University. "You hear a lot of bass, but not the crisp, clear high frequencies."
Using this technique, Fifer and his colleagues found that newborns suck harder on the pacifier when listening to filtered recordings of their own mother's voice in comparison to another mother's. The newborns thus recognize and prefer their own mother's voice, concludes Fifer.
In further studies, Jusczyk and postdoc Thierry Nazzi found that newborns prefer filtered recordings of their own native language over that of a foreign language. "Babies like what they know," says Jusczyk. "Newborns," he says, "apparently learn the rhythm of their native language and of their mother's voice while in the womb."
How do babies recognize different sounds?
A.By listening to the sounds.
B.By repeating the sounds.
C.By listening to their own babbling.
D.By uttering the sounds.
妊娠合并病毒性肝炎,下列哪项错误()。
A.可发生妊娠的任何时期
B.发生在早孕期间,可使早孕反应加重
C.早孕期间发生易发展为急性、亚急性肝炎
D.妊娠中晚期发生易并发DIC
E.妊娠晚期发病易并发妊高征
A.按压始、终端按钮开放信号
B.按引导办法接车
C.将列车接入调车线
D.将列车关在站外
A.插入胃管至咽喉部时,嘱年长、清醒患儿做吞咽动作
B.如插入胃管过程中出现呛咳、呼吸困难、发绀等,表明误入气管,应立即拔出胃管,休息片刻后重新插管
C.插入胃管过程中出现呛咳、呼吸困难、发绀等可快速插管
D.小婴儿或昏迷患儿,则使其下颌靠近胸骨柄
关于原发性肺结核的叙述,错误的是()
A.仅发生在小儿时期
B.初次感染结核菌
C.病情恶化可引起血行播散
D.可在体内形成隐伏病灶
E.是小儿结核的主要类型
A.甲型肝炎的母亲,发病急,粪口传播
B.母亲急性期隔离时,应暂时停止母乳喂养,可挤奶保持泌乳
C.婴儿可以接种免疫球蛋白,待隔离期过后仍可以继续母乳喂养,并从母乳中获得免疫抗体
D.上述的所有各项