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-- How does your father go to work every day？ --_____ taxi.
A.In
B.By
C.On
D.with
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C.On
D.with
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Calories
For years now, calories have been all the rage-people are counting them and cutting them, and you'd be hard-pressed to find something at the supermarket that does not list its calories per serving somewhere on the package. But have you ever wondered what exactly a calorie is？
What is a Calorie
A calorie is a unit of energy. We tend to associate calories with food, but they apply to anything containing energy. For example, a gallon (about 4 liters) of gasoline contains about 31,000,000 calories.
Specifically, a calorie is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). One calorie is equal to 4. 184 joules, a common unit of energy used in the physical sciences. Most of us think of calories in relation to food, as in "This can of soda has 200 calories." It turns out that the calories on a food package are actually kilocalories (1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie). The word is sometimes capitalized to show the difference, but usually not. A food calorie contains 4,184 joules. A can of soda containing 200 food calories contains 200,000 regular calories, or 200 kilocalories. A gallon of gasoline contains 31,000 kilocalories.
The same applies to exercise — when a fitness chart says you burn about 100 calories for every mile you jog, it means 100 kilocalories. For the duration of this article, when we say "calorie," we mean "kilocalorie."
What Calories Do
Human beings need energy to survive — to breathe, move, pump blood — and they acquire this energy from food.
The number of calories in a food is a measure of how much potential energy that food possesses. A gram of carbohydrates(碳水化合物) has 4 calories, a gram of protein has 4 calories, and a gram of fat has 9 calories. Foods are a compilation (集合) of these three building blocks. So if you know how many carbohydrates, fats and proteins are in any given food, you know how many calories, or how much energy, that food contains.
If we look at the nutritional label on the back of a packet of maple-and-brown-sugar oatmeal, we find that it has 160 calories. This means that if we were to pour this oatmeal into a dish, set the oatmeal on fire and get it to burn completely (which is actually pretty tricky), the reaction would produce 160 kilocalories (remember: food calories are kilocalories) — enough energy to raise the temperature of 160 kilograms of water 1 degree Celsius. If we look closer at the nutritional label, we see that our oatmeal has 2 grams of fat, 4 grams of protein and 32 grams of carbohydrates, producing a total of 162 calories (apparently, food manufacturers like to round down). Of these 162 calories, 18 come from fat (9 cal × 2g), 16 come from protein(4 cal × 4g) and 128 come from carbohydrates (4 cal × 32g).
Your Calorie Needs
Just how many calories do our cells need to function well？ The number is different for every person. You may notice on the nutritional labels of the foods you buy that the "percent daily values" are based on a 2,000 calorie diet — 2,000 calories is a rough average of what a person needs to eat in a day, but your body might need more or less than 2,000 calories. Height, weight, gender, age and activity level all affect your caloric needs. There are three main factors involved in calculating how many calories your body needs per day:
•Basal metabolic rate (基本新陈代谢率)
•Physical activity
•Thermic (热的) effect of food
Your basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy your body needs to function at rest. This accounts for about 60 to 70 percent of calories burned in a day and includes the energy required to keep the heart beating, the lungs breathing, the kidneys functioning and the body temperature stabilized. In general, men have a higher BMR than women.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
听力原文：W: How is your new roommate？
M: Well, all I could say is that he's a real couch potato. Last weekend he invited me over to his parent's house to watch TV. I bet watching TV is his only hobby, but he surely doesn't know much.
Q: What can we learn about the man's new roommate？
(14)
A．He is as fat as a potato.
B．He is fond of watching TV.
C．He likes potatoes very much.
D．He doesn't know much about TV.
听力原文： "If you ask me television is unhealthy," I said to my roommate Walter, as I walked into the living room, "while you are sitting passively in front of the TV set, your muscles are turning to fat, your complexion is fading, and your eyesight is being ruined."
"Shh," Walter put his finger to his lips, "this is an intriguing murder mystery."
"Really？" I replied. "But you know, the brain is destroyed by TV viewing. Creativity is killed by that box, and people are kept from communicating with one another. From my point of view, TV is the cause of declining interest in school and the failure of our entire educational system."
"Ah ha, I kind of see your point." Walter said softly, "But see？ The woman on the witness stand in this story is being questioned about a murder that was committed one hundred years ago."
Ignoring his enthusiastic description of the plot, I went on with my argument.
"As I see it," I explained, "not only are most TV programs badly written and produced, but viewers are also manipulated by the mass media. As far as I am concerned, TV watchers are cut off from reality, from nature, from other people, from life itself!" I was confident in my ability to persuade.
After a short silence, my roommate said: "Anyway, I've been planning to watch the football game. I am going to change the channel."
"Don't touch that dial!" I shouted, "I wanted to find out how the mystery turns out!"
I am not sure I got my point to cross.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. As the speaker walked into the living room, what was being shown on TV？
34. What does the speaker say about watching television？
35. What can we say about the speaker？
(29)
A．A murder mystery.
B．A football game.
C．A political debate.
D．A documentary.
The majority of people in this country eat too much fat and not enough fibre (纤维) and for most people having a healthy diet is simple and easy to do. The move towards a healthy diet may just mean eating more fruit, vegetables, bread and potatoes.
There are 5 basic food groups and a healthy diet consists of eating a variety of foods from each of the groups.
1. Bread, potatoes, rice, noodles,and breakfast cereals.
These foods mostly contain starch (淀粉) and should be the main part of all your meals. If possible try to choose high fibre varieties. This group of foods is an excellent source (来源) fibre and is rich in vitamin (维生素)
2. Fruit and vegetables
This includes all frozen, fresh and canned fruit/vegetables as well as salad vegetables. These are all excellent sources of vitamins minerals and fibre and are naturally low in fat and calories.
3. Milk and dairy foods
Milk and dairy products include cheese, yoghurt and milk. They are rich in protein (蛋白质) calcium, vitamin and minerals.
4. Meat, fish and poultry (家禽)
Eating fish 1-2 times a week is good for you. All types of meats are included in the category and red meat is excellent source of iron and vitamin B12. Nuts, peas and beans are also in this food group.
5. Foods containing fats and sugars.
This last group contains butter, cream, ice cream, cooking oil, cakes, biscuits, chocolate, sugary drinks, sweets and crisps. All of these foods tend to be high in fat and calories.Try not to eat these foods too often and when you do, only have them in small amounts.
(1)、What’s the problem with many people？
A、Not enough sleep
B、Staying up late
C、Eating too much fat and not enough fibre
D、Under stress
(2)、What does a healthy diet mean？ It means （）.
A、five different kinds of foods a meal
B、different kinds of foods from the 5 basic food groups
C、different kinds of fruits and vegetables
D、less fruit, vegetables, bread and potatoes
(3)、We should try not to eat foods from （） too often.
A、Group 5
B、Group 4
C、Group 1
D、Both Group 4 and Group 5
(4)、Which of following sentence is NOT true？
A、Nuts and meat are in the same group.
B、Milk and dairy products are rich in protein.
C、Bread and milk are in the same group.
D、Cakes and chocolate tend to be high in fat and calories.
(5)、What’s the main idea of the passage？
A、What should a healthy diet consist of ？
B、How can we tell the differences from 5 basic food groups？
C、A healthy diet is simple and easy to do.
D、Vitamin is not a part of staying healthy.
听力原文：W: How did your interview go？
M: I couldn' t feel better about it. The questions were very fair and I seemed to find answers for ail of them.
Q: How does the man feel about the interview？
(16)
A．He is confident.
B．He is worried.
C．He is bored.
D．He is angry.
M: Arm exercises？ I've never heard of that. Is that because our arms are too fat or flabby？
W: Actually, that's not the main reason. They say that arm exercises are an ideal way to become physically fit.
M: But don't arm exercises raise your blood pressure？ Seems I've read an article about that before. So, that's risky.
W: Not really. That they do, but the article I read mentioned several ways that can compensate for that.
M: Really？ How？
W: By adding leg exercise so the arms don't do all the work. Arm exercises alone aren't enough to increase metabolism before fatigue sets in. The more ot a body that involves in the exercise the better.
M: And in turn, I'm sure that there is a great chance of losing weight, right？
W: Sounds right to me.
M: So, what exercises do the experts recommend？
W: They mentioned quite a few. But some of the more popular ones are cycling with special bicycles that make you use both your arms and legs, and walking vigorously while wearing arm weights.
M: Sounds great. I must try that. You know, I like to walk a lot.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. According to the conversation, what is one problem with arm exercises？
24. According to the conversation, what are the experts now recommending？
25. What form. of exercise does the woman mention？
(20)
A．They don't get rid of flabby arms.
B．They can damage arm muscles.
C．They aren't acceptable to most people.
D．They can raise one's blood pressure.
听力原文：M: How long does the journey take if I go by bus？
W: It depends on the traffic. I think the Airport Express is your best bet.
Q: Where is the man probably going to？
(14)
A．The bus station.
B．The school.
C．The airport.
D．The travel agency.
听力原文：W: How did you pull off an extension on your project？ Nobody else ever got one.
M: Now you know why I' m so nice to Professor Brown.
Q: What does the man imply？
(13)
A．He works hard.
B．He likes the professor.
C．He uses his good relationship to get favors.
D．He is pleased with the professor' s teaching.
