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Being out of work and having two young children, ______（夫妻俩发现勉强维持生计是不可能的).

Being out of work and having two young children, ______(夫妻俩发现勉强维持生计是不可能的).

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第1题

Being out of work and having two young children,______. （夫妻俩发现维持生计是不可能的).

Being out of work and having two young children,______. (夫妻俩发现维持生计是不可能的).

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第2题

听力原文：M：What do you mean，my suit isn't ready yet! I dropped it off for alteration more

than three weeks ago．

W：Our tailor has been out sick．So work is backed up for about a week．

Q：What is the man's problem？

(14)

A．He felt sick when he saw the alteration.

B．He thinks the woman is being mean.

C．He expected his suit to be ready.

D．He backed up into another car.

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第3题

To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far ha

s the State an obligation to ensure that they have work to do？ It is by now increasingly recognized that workers may be thrown out of work by industrial forces beyond their control, and that the unemployed are in some sense paying the price of the economic progress of the rest of the community. But concern with unemployment and the unemployed varies sharply. The issues of duty and responsibility were reopened and revitalized by the unemployment scare of 1971-1972. Rising unemployment and increased stuns paid out in benefits to the workless had reawakened controversies which had been inactive during most of the period of fuller employment since the war ended the Depression. It looked as though in future there would again be too little work to go round, so there were arguments about how to produce more work, how the available work should be shared out, and who was responsible for unemployment and the unemployed.

In 1972 there were critics who said that the State's action in allowing unemployment to rise was a faithless act, a breaking of the social contract between society and the worker. Yet in the main any contribution by employers to unemployment such as laying off workers in order to introduce technological changes and maximize profits tended to be ignored. And it was the unemployed who were accused of failing to honor the social contract, by not fulfilling their duty to society to work. In spite of general concern at the scale to the unemployment statistics, when the unemployed were considered as individuals, they tended to attract scorn and threats of punishment. Their capacities and motivation as workers and their value as members of society became suspect. The unemployed were accused of being responsible for their own workless condition, and doubts were expressed about the State' s obligation either to provide them with the security of work or to support them through Social Security.

Underlying the arguments about unemployment and the unemployed is a basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society. To what extent can or should work be regarded as a service, not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State, and supported if necessary？ And apart from cash are there social pressures and satisfactions which cause individuals to seek and keep work, so that the workless need work rather than just cash？

What the author proposes to examine is ______.

A．how far the unemployed are to blame for their failure in working and how far it is the State' s fault

B．to what extent the State should insist on the unemployed working if they fail to do so

C．whether being at work is a social duty which the State should ensure everybody carries out

D．whether work should be obligatory, and if so, whether the State or the individual is responsible for the enforced obligation

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第4题

It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A．most people who have been polled believe

It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A．most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time

B．many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed

C．in pre-industrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women

D．some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed

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第5题

听力原文： A recent survey of people out of work analyzed the type of worker who was unempl

oyed. Out of all of those registered as unemployed, the minority were women. The majority of men who were unemployed were found to be in services and engineering. However, the chance of being unemployed was also likely in the construction industry. There was some unemployment in industries such as metal goods and textiles. If somebody was unemployed from mining or chemicals, he could usually find another job. However, an unemployed person from agriculture or construction seldom found a job again. Job chances were generally much better for manual workers than for office workers. Most of the unemployed have been without jobs for more than two months. A number had been unemployed for more than a year. Undoubtedly, the longer a person is out of work, the more likely it is that he will not find another job. In addition, job prospects are definitely worse for older workers.

(19)

A．A survey of unemployment.

B．Job prospects of women.

C．Job chances in cities.

D．Unemployment of men in services and engineering.

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第6题

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You

find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people "generalists". And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people's work, to begin it and judge it.

The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools; he is a "trained" man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist—and especially the administrator—deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

Your first job may mm out to be the right job for you—but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

There is an increasing demand for ______.

A．people who are specialists and generalists as well

B．people whose job is to organize other people's work

C．generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional

D．specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

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第7题

How to Be an EmployeeMost of you graduating today will be employees all your working life,

How to Be an Employee

Most of you graduating today will be employees all your working life, working for somebody else and for a paycheck. And so will most, if net all, of the thousands of other young Americans graduating this year in all the other schools and colleges across the country.

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And whereas fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: the middle and upper classes have become employees, and middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest growing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

This is one of the most profound social changes any country has ever undergone. It is, however, a perhaps even greater change for the individual young man about to start. Whatever he does, in all likelihood he will do it as an employee; wherever he aims, he will have to try to reach it through being an employee.

Yet you will find little if there is anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of advice on work in a chosen field, whether it be metallurgy(冶金学) or salesmanship, the machinist's trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical competence or professional knowledge.

Being an employee is thus the one common characteristic of most careers today. The special profession or skill is visible and clearly defined, and a well-laid-out sequence of courses, degrees, and jobs leads into it. But being an employee is the foundation. And it is much more difficult to prepare for it. Yet there is no recorded information on the art of being an employee.

The first question we might ask is: what can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee？ The schools teach a great many things of value to the future accountant, the future doctor, or the future electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee？ The answer is: "Yes—they teach the one thing that is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it."

This one basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking.

As an employee you work with and through other people. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to present your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will both understand what you are driving at and be persuaded. The letter, the report or memorandum, the ten-minute spoken "presentation" to a committee are basic tools of the employee.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第8题

听力原文：About 70 million Americans are trying to lose weight. That is almost 1 out of eve

听力原文： About 70 million Americans are trying to lose weight. That is almost 1 out of every 3 people in the United States. Some people go on diets. This means they eat less of certain foods, especially fats and sugars. Other people exercise with special equipment, take diet pills, or even have surgery. Losing weight is hard work, and it can also cost a lot of money. But why do so many people in the United States want to lose weight？

Many people in the United States worry about not looking young and attractive. For many people, looking good also means being thin. Other people worry about their health. Many doctors say being overweight is not healthy. But are Americans really fat？

Almost 30 million Americans weigh at least 20 percent more than their ideal weight. In fact, the United States is the most overweight country in the world. "The stored fat of adult Americans weighs 2.3 trillion pounds," says University of Massachusetts anthropologist George Armelages. He says burning off that stored energy would produce enough power for 900,000 cars to go 12,000 miles.

Losing weight is hard work, but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat. Bookstores sell lots of diet books. These books tell readers how to lose weight. Each year, dozens of new books like these are written. Each one promises to get rid of fat.

(30)

A．To cat nothing.

B．To work hard.

C．To have surgery.

D．To cost a lot of money.

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第9题

听力原文： Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not le

arn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by hit he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, (33)children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught—to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if he thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work it out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answers are to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in Mathematics or Science, (34)give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work？ (35)Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.

(30)

A．Listening to skilled people's advice.

B．Asking older people many questions.

C．Making mistakes and having them corrected.

D．Learning what other people do without being taught.

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第10题

It happens to the best of us．We put our heads down（26）each day， let ourselves settle into

a certain kind of routine， and before we know it we（27）and weary and can"t figure out how we got there．It"s important to（28）that being uncomfortable with the status quo is okay and is often a good thing．

If you"re feeling this way， making some key routine changes could offer the（29）you didn"t even know you were looking for in your life．

It has been said for a long time that it takes 21 days to form. a habit．It"s still a good an ount of time to（30）developing a new habit and become accustomed to embracing it as a part of your everyday life．There are no rules saying youcan"t work on more than one（31）at a time．The idea is not to commit to more than what is32for you．

Feel free to change it up and add in more positive changes as you see fit．Just don"t overdo it—that would（33）the mental wellness and well-being that we"re trying to achieve．

There are very simple things you can do to pull yourself out of it．Think out some ideas （34）for yourself and give some of these ideas a try．Sooner or later， you will get a（35）change．

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