Green building techniques require ______.A．architects to make full use of sunlightB．people

第1题

A. To emphasize the hazards of wooden buildings.B. To explain why certain building techn

A. To emphasize the hazards of wooden buildings.

B. To explain why certain building techniques were firstly applied in Chicago.

C. To warn against building skyscrapers close together.

D. To explain how Chicago's early skyscrapers were destroyed.

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第2题

Green building techniques require ______.A．architects to make full use of sunlightB．people

Green building techniques require ______.

A．architects to make full use of sunlight

B．people to avoid using electrical appliances

C．architects to employ local labors

D．businessmen to resist poisonous building materials

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第3题

The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm's attention is the design of cit

ies, buildings and products. When we designed America's first so-called“green” office building in New York two decades【C1】______, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the【C2】______that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to【C3】______

Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren't designed for【C4】______use. The“energy- efficient”sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis【C5】______indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we've been focusing on these materials【C6】______to the molecules, looking for ways to make them【C7】______for people and the planet.

Home builders can now use materials- such as paints that release significantly【C8】______amounts of organic compounds-that don't【C9】______the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately,【C10】______, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating【C11】______healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil【C12】______reused by industry again and again. As a matter of【C13】______, the world's largest carpet manufacturer has already【C14】______a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable(可循环利用).

Look at it this way: No one【C15】______out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are【C16】______causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So【C17】______of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are【C18】______a positive approach. We're giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a【C19】______effect on the world.

It's not just the building industry, either.【C20】______cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.

【C1】

A．off

B．away

C．before

D．ago

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第4题

A．Local customs and lifestyles.B．The different surroundings.C．The development of techn

A．Local customs and lifestyles.

B．The different surroundings.

C．The development of technology.

D．The different artistic tastes.

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第5题

A．The shortage of willing donors.B．The obtaining of moral approval.C．The complex techn

A．The shortage of willing donors.

B．The obtaining of moral approval.

C．The complex technical procedure.

D．The rejection from the immune system.

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第6题

Copper(铜)was the first metal that man learned to make.In some mountainous lands ther

Copper（铜)was the first metal that man learned to make.In some mountainous lands ther

e were rocks streaked with green minerals.One day some rocks were accidentally heated by a roaring fire.When the fire burned low,little beads of copper were seen on the rock wall.After that,men heated the rock deliberately to see whether more copper would appear.They soon found a good way to make copper.They would build a trench on a hillside and fill it with charcoal and copper-bearing rock.They covered this furnace with flat stones.They started a wood fire to heat the charcoal and the hot charcoal released copper from the rock.A hot red pool of melted metal formed at the mouth of the trench.When it was cool,the solid metal could be lifted out and cut and pounded into shapes.

The first copper was probably made by()

A、experimenting

B、accident

C、someone deliberately building a fire

D、someone who knew that there was copper in the rock

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第7题

听力原文：The Europeans who left their homeland in the 18th and 19th centuries and settled

听力原文： The Europeans who left their homeland in the 18th and 19th centuries and settled their homes in North America are referred to as early settlers. Early settlers who came from the eastern parts of the present U.S.A. were used to having many trees around, so they found it rather hard to get used to living in a treeless plain like the state of Nebraska. When they first settled down in Nebraska, they needed large quantities of wood for building houses, making fires and doing many other things. Therefore they started many tree-planting plans that went on for years and years. Finally in 1872, a newspaperman named J. Sterling Morton had an idea: Why not have a special day set aside for planting trees. So Arbor Day was born on April 10th, 1872. The state government announced that it would give prizes to individuals and groups that planted the most trees. On that first day, more than 1,000,000 trees were planted in Nebraska. In this way Nebraska has been full of trees and it's green all the year around.

(33)

A．Who the early settlers were.

B．When the first Arbor Day began.

C．How the first Arbor Day came into being.

D．Who was J. Sterling Morton.

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第8题

Greening the Design and Construction of Healthcare FacilitiesWhat we do to our environment

Greening the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities

What we do to our environment, we do to ourselves, the saying goes. Nowhere is this principle played out more dramatically than in our hospitals, where doctors and nurses work in the front lines against environmental illnesses, treating patients for cancers caused by exposure to toxic materials, asthma triggered by breathing dirty air, and heat stroke brought on by heat waves made more severe by climate change.

Sadly, the connection between hospitals and illnesses does not end with treatment. Even as Healthcare professionals go to heroic lengths healing the sick among us, the very buildings in which they work stop and erase their efforts. Burning fossil fuels to power Healthcare facilities contributes to climate change, allowing disease to invade new habitats. Relying on ozone-depleting refrigerants to cool them increases the potential for skin cancer. Using mercury-based instruments to measure body temperature and blood pressure contributes to air and water pollution, increasing rates of brain damage from mercury poisoning. Furnishing interiors with materials manufactured using carcinogens (致癌物) perpetuates the spread of cancer; such materials are common even in radiation and chemotherapy treatment rooms.

There is clearly room for improvement in the performance of our Healthcare facilities. By considering the environmental and health implications of design and construction decisions, we can bring the performance of Healthcare facilities more closely in line with the industry's mission to restore and safeguard health. If we trust our doctors to "first, do no harm" as the Healthcare creed counsels, it seems only fair to expect the same of our hospitals.

The History and Future of Greening the Healthcare Industry

The connection between the Healthcare industry and the environment was illuminated in 1994, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified medical waste burning as the largest source of dioxin, considered to be the most potent human carcinogen ever manufactured. The irony of this situation inspired the formation of Health Care Without Harm (HCWH), a nonprofit organization that now boasts more than 375 member groups in 40 countries.

Another milestone in the push to green the Healthcare industry was the 1998 memorandum of understanding between AHA (the American Hospital Association) and EPA, which laid out three goals for the Healthcare industry: to eliminate mercury-containing waste, to reduce the overall volume of waste, and to identify hazardous substances for pollution-prevention opportunities. This agreement launched the nonprofit Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E), a joint project of AHA and EPA, along with HCWH and the American Nurses Association.

Within the last five years, interest in greening Healthcare has moved beyond operations to encompass the design and construction of Healthcare facilities themselves. To guide a new sustainable design category in its annual awards program, the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE) published the Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement in January 2002. It is considered the first document to incorporate health considerations into design guidance. Noting that preventing disease is preferable to treating disease, it advises that "a precautionary and preventive approach is an appropriate basis for decisions regarding material selection, design features, mechanical systems, infrastructure, and operations and maintenance practices".

Prompted by an impending Healthcare construction boom in response to California's new seismic (有关地震的) regulations, Gail Vinori. co-director of the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems in Austin, Texas, met with a group of green building and health experts in 2003 to develop a more prescriptive set of design guideline

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第9题

The Green Campus If you attended this year's commencement （毕业典礼) at Williams College i

The Green Campus

If you attended this year's commencement (毕业典礼) at Williams College in western Massachusetts, you probably sampled the fresh food made from locally produced, hormone-free milk. You might have tried the organic greens with edible cabbage blossoms or sampled the fresh asparagus (芦笋) all from nearby farms. These dishes not only tasted better than standard ones but also saved fossil fuels normally used to ship food long distances. Disposable plates and cutlery were nowhere to be found, reducing trash by 80 percent. And the rare disposable items were eco-friendly. "We used compostable paper 'napkins and biodegradable straws," says Stephanie Boyd, who helped organize the "green commencement" as part of her job as chair of Williams's climate-action committee.

It was not only aimed to impress parents. More and more colleges are getting serious about going green. In June, 284 university presidents representing some of the nation's most influential schools announced an agreement pledging to make their campuses "carbon neutral". The message was clear. "We're saying that sustainability is no longer an elective," says Cornell president David Skorton. Their motivation wasn't merely to reduce energy consumption and waste. As a $ 315 billion sector of the economy--and one that will train future leaders--higher education has a special responsibility to encourage environmental stewardship. The university presidents hope that even students who don't pursue increasingly popular majors in environmental studies will learn simply from being on a green campus, living in green buildings, eating sustainable food and absorbing everyday messages of conservation. And who knows？ Far-reaching environmental programs may create an air of excitement that attracts applicants. "In the long run, students will say, why would I want to go to a school that doesn't care about this？" says Michael Crow, president of Arizona State University, which has. made a major commitment to sustainability.

At Harvard, going green starts before students even arrive on campus, when freshmen receive mailings urging them to buy only energy-efficient refrigerators for their dorm rooms and purchase compact fluorescent (发荧光的) bulbs, which use an average of 18 Watts apiece instead of 75. But some of the most effective lobbying comes from students themselves. Harvard pays 20 undergraduates to help get the green message out to fellow students in a fun way. That might mean whipping up a competition between residential houses to win the coveted Green Cup for the greatest energy reductions and biggest increases in recycling. Or it could be organizing trash-free dances or green movie nights ("Who Killed the Electric Car？") with free ice cream for anyone who brings a recyclable bowl. One day a year, students collect trash from Harvard Yard and pile it into a single heap, called "Mount Trashmore". The giant mound (垛) reminds students how much they are throwing away and how much waste they could avoid by recycling. Students even compete to come up with the best ecothemed cartoons. This year's second-place winner showed Marilyn Monroe with her iconic billowing skirt under the caption wind does great things. The fun adds up to serious savings. "Energy use in the dorms has decreased 15 percent over the past few years, and recycling has risen 40 percent," says Leith Sharp, head of the Harvard Green Campus Initiative.

At many schools, the construction of a new building is another chance to push green solutions. "What message does a conventional campus send？" asks David Orr, who teaches environmental studies at Oberlin. "It sends the message that energy is cheap and plentiful. "At Oberlin and other colleges, administrators are seeking to reverse that message with energy-efficient buildings. The Lewis Center at Oberlin, opened in 2000, was one of the firsts. It's powered entirely by solar arrays, which produce 30 percent mor

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第10题

听力原文：F: Susan Bauer speaking.M: Dr. Bauer, my name is Tom White. My roommate, Jack Gre

听力原文：F: Susan Bauer speaking.

M: Dr. Bauer, my name is Tom White. My roommate, Jack Green, is in your art history class.

F: Yes.

M: Well, he is sick and won't be in your class today. He asked me to bring his term paper to your office.

F: OK. The paper is due by 3 o'clock.

M: I have a class from l to2. I'll bring it to your office after my class.

F: Well, I have a meeting this afternoon. So you can drop it off with the secretary of the computer department. She'll see that I get it.

M: Ok. Oh I almost forgot. I'm a biology major. But my advisor told me that I need one more humanities course to graduate. I've noticed that you are teaching a course on landscape painters next semester. Could you tell me a little bit about it？

F: Sure. Well, it's a course for non-art majors. We'll be looking at several different painters and examining their works. We'll also look at the history and politics of the era in which they lived.

M: That sounds interesting. What else is required？

F: There is no final exam. And there is only one required book. But each student has to give a major presentation about the individual painter at the end of the course.

M: Hmm. It sounds good. Will you be in your office later today？ I'd like to talk to you some more.

F: Well, my meeting's scheduled to last all afternoon. Why don't you stop by tomorrow？ Any time in the afternoon. My office is in the fine arts building right next to the library.

M: Thanks. I'll do that.

(20)

A．To tell her that he can't attend her class today.

B．To make an appointment with her for his roommate.

C．To tell her that his roommate is unable to attend her class today.

D．To discuss with her about his term paper.

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