题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A) in quest of
B) by means of
C) in terms of
D) by virtue of
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The study concluded that family size had a major influence on the development of stomach cancer linked to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (幽门螺杆菌), and that younger siblings (兄弟，姐妹，同胞，同属) from large families were especially prone to the most common form. of stomach cancer.
H. pylori lives in the mucous (黏液的) layer of the stomach and is associated with peptic ulcers (消化器官溃疡) and stomach cancer. It's estimated that half of the world's population carries H. pylori in the stomach. It can be transmitted orally from person to person or through contact with human feces (粪便).
The study found that men who carried certain strains of H. pylori in their stomachs and had seven or more siblings had more than twice the risk of developing stomach cancer, compared to men with the same H. pylori strains who had one to three siblings.
The findings are published in the January 16 online issue of the journal Public Library of Science Medicine.
"This is a very carefully controlled study that clearly shows that there are factors in early childhood that affect the risk of developing cancer many decades later," study leader Dr. Martin J. Blaser, professor and chairman of the Department of Medicine, and professor of microbiology at New York University Medical Center and School of Medicine, said in a prepared statement.
"That early childhood events affect the risk of cancers occurring in old age is remarkable, and this may be a model for other cancers," Blaser said. He said that younger children in large families may acquire H. pylori from older siblings at a time when the younger children's immune systems are still developing. This, in combination with the fact that the bacterium is already adapted to a genetically related person, means the younger children may have a more virulent H. pylori population in the stomach than if they'd acquired the germ from a non-relative.
Which of the following statements can best generalize the passage？
A．Family size may determine stomach-cancer risk.
B．Family size may move stomach-cancer risk.
C．The study may follow more than 7,000 Japanese-American men for 28 years.
D．People from small families have an increased risk of stomach cancer.
Later he went to a school for blind and deaf children. There the teachers also encouraged him to study music. Sadly, while he was still at school, his mother died. He left school and in the early 1950s Charles organized a group of players. He sang, played the piano and wrote music.
He made many classical CDs with famous artists such as Elton John and the Beatles. In 2003 a film of his life Ray was made. The part of Charles was played by a younger actor and musician called Jamie Foxx. The film director brought Foxx to meet Charles. After they had been playing together for two hours, Charles, then aged 73, jumped up and said: “He’s the one ... he can do it.” A year later Charles died aged 74. The film of his life has been as popular as his songs and means that the memory of Charles’ music will live on.
(1)What can we learn from Ray’s childhood story？
A、His father died when he was 5 years old.
B、He started to go blind at the age of 7.
C、He was born in a rich musician family.
D、He started to learn the piano at the age of 6.
(2)Ray Charles’ mother encouraged him to play music because ().
A、his father was a musician as well
B、because it would help him get used to being blind
C、it was a good way for a blind person to get money
D、his teacher thought he was a genius
(3) Ray Charles went to a school for ().
A、normal children
B、deaf and blind children
C、talented children only
D、children without parents
(4)Ray Charles thought that Jamie Foxx ().
A、was the right person to play him in the film
B、was a good film maker
C、was the wrong person to play him in the film
D、was a good director
(5) What is the main idea of the last paragraph？
A、Becoming a musician.
B、Childhood story.
C、The film of Ray’s life.
D、Master of many styles.
all must be at least 21 years old. This is one example of how the Open 3 University is different from all other universities. Its students must either work full-time or be at home all day. For instance, mothers of families do not have to pass any examinations before they are accepted as students. This is why the university is called “open”. The university was started in order to help a known group – people who missed having a university education when they were young.
The first name for the Open University was “the University of the Air”. The idea was to teach “on the air”, in other words on radio and television. Most of the teaching is done like this. Radio and television have brought the classroom into people’s homes. But this, on its own, is not enough for a university education. The Open University students also receives advice at one of 283 study centers in the country, 36 weeks of the year he or she has to send written work to a “tutor”, the person who guides his or her studies. The student must also spend 3 weeks every summer as a full-time student. Tutors and students meet and study together, as in other universities.
1. The purpose of the Open University is to ().
A. help the young to go to school
B. help those who want to study the university
C. help those who are younger than 21 years old
D. help those who had missed the chance to study when they were young
2. “On the air” means ().
A. on the show
B. on radio and TV
C. on the flight
D. flying everywhere
3. The students at the Open University have their education ().
A. both at home and at some study centers
B. through many kinds of examinations
C. with their written work only
D. in the local centers only
4. “Tutor” in the second paragraph means ().
A. the person who is in charge of various exams
B. the person who is to help students get through exams
C. the person who provides guidance to students in their studies
D. the person who teaches students face to face
5. Which of the following is implied but not stated？ ()
A. Everyone wants to go to such an open university
B. Every country needs such a university
C. Students must be over 21 years old in the Open University
D. The Open University really benefits a lot those who did not have the chance to have university education
听力原文： Some students at the Open University left school 20 years ago. Others are younger but all must be at least 21 years old. This is one example of how the Open University is different from all other universities. Its students must either work full-time or be at home all day, for instance, mothers of families. They do not have to pass any examinations before they are accepted as students. This is why the university is called "open". The university vas started in order to help a known group—people who missed having a university education when they were young.
The first name for the Open University was "The University of the Air". The idea was to teach "on the air", in other words, on radio and television. Most of the teaching is done like this. Radio and television have brought the classroom into people's homes. But this, on its own, is not enough for a university education. The Open University student also received advice at one of the 283 study centers in the country. In 36 weeks of the year he has to send written work to a "tutor", the person who guides his studies. He must also spend 3 weeks every summer as a full-time student. Tutors and students meet and study together, as in other universities. At the end of the Open University's first year, the results were good. Three out of every 4 students passed their examinations. If they do this every year, they will finish their studies in 4 or 5 years.
(33)
A．Because it isn't closed.
B．Because its door is open.
C．Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.
D．Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students.
The first name for the Open University was The University of the Air. The idea was to teach on the air, in other words, on radio and television. Most of the teaching is done like this. Radio and television have brought the classroom into people's homes. But this, on its own, is not enough for a university education. The Open University student also receives advice at one of 283 study centers in the country; 36 weeks of the year, he has to send written work to a tutor, the person who guides him. He must also spend three weeks every summer as a full-time Student. Tutors and students meet and study together, as in other universities. At the end of the Open University's first year, the results were good. Three out of every four students passed their examinations. If they do this every year, they will finish their studies in four or five years.
(27)
A．Because it isn't closed.
B．Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.
C．Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students.
D．Because its door is open.
听力原文： America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways — education, medicine and business.
Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior. is suitable at various ages. A person's age no longer tells you anything about his / her social position, marriage or health. There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time.
Public ideas are changing. Many people say, "I am much younger than my mother or my father was at my age". No one says "Act your age" anymore. We've stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What is the percentage of people above 65 in America today？
30. What can we know from the passage？
31. What does the passage imply？
(30)
A．4%.
B．10%.
C．14%.
D．25%.
Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings: though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism (缺勤), perform. as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When “sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep it moves in,” according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women.
Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the “wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. “This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears. Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.
Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great deal of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesn’t lose ability and experience on the eve of one’s 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.
第26题：After the age of 40, ________.
A) most workers are tired of their present jobs
B) many workers tend to stick their present jobs
C) people find their jobs more rewarding than before
D) people still wish to hunt for more suitable jobs
Urging bored friends to keep playing with you is not limited to humans. A gorilla (大猩猩) that wants to continue a game will also try to do this, and will even deliberately lose if necessary. This hints that gorillas may have "theory of mind"--the capacity to attribute mental states to others.
Richard Byrne and Joanne Tanner of St. Andrews University in the UK videoed gorillas at San Francisco Zoo. As well as engaging with a toy and another gorilla, the animals seemed aware of how their playmate was interacting with the toy. "The gorillas could encourage their playmates when they were losing interest by losing the game, if necessarily," says Byrne.
This is the first time animals have been observed following a playmate's interaction with a third object a skill picked up by humans at 9 months old. If you thought your pet dog does this, you're wrong. With dogs, cats, lions and bears the animal wants to win the game, rather than keep it going. Byrne says," This is different to throwing a stick for your pet dog."
Because the gorillas seem to be taking account of the thoughts of others. They are showing some theory of mind competence, says Byrne, although they do not pass a theory-of-mind test called the false belief test, which looks at the ability to infer another's perspective.
In the false belief test, two individuals are shown playing with a toy, before placing it in a box. After one of them leaves the room, the other person moves the toy and places it in a bag. When the first person re-turns to the room, where will they look for the toy？ Those with theory of mind--the ability to infer another's perspective will know that the first person will look in the box. Children younger than 4 or 5 have yet to develop theory of mind and think the person will look in the bag in the false belief test. Similar false belief tests that don't require language can be set up for animals.
Felix Warneken at Harvard University agrees the study provides "promising evidence" for collaborative behaviour in gorillas. However, Josep Call, at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, says he has seen this behaviour in chimpanzees before.
Iona Stewart at ZSL London Zoo, who has been looking after captive gorillas for 13 years, says there is "no question" that gorillas have theory of mind. "Anyone who spends time with gorillas will have known this for years," she says. "Not a day goes by when you don't see some examples of this sort of behaviour." The typical gorilla's sense of humour, Stewart says, is schadenfreud. One gorilla she knew would poke a stick at strangers then look the other way and laugh. "If they could whistle, they'd be whistling, but they're not quite clever enough to get away with it."
A gorilla will lose games deliberately to ______.
A．persuade his friends to keep playing with him
B．prove his "theory of mind"
C．attribute mental states to others
D．continue the game with his partners
A．A pet dog.
B．The son of the couple.
C．A pet cat.
D．The man's younger brother.
A．Their embrace of radical ideas.
B．Their desire to change America.
C．Their utilization of the Internet.
D．Their strong sense of responsibility.
