题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration？
A．They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.
B．They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.
C．They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.
D．They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills.
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W: Last year I visited Europe. It was interesting to see the ancient ruins there, too.
M: When I look at our country's history, I begin to sense what a young country the States really is.
W: Yes. There are many countries whose histories were ancient when ours was just beginning.
M: The first English settlers arrived in America about the time the last Chinese dynasty began.
W: I believe one reason America has been able to be so successful in so many aspects is that it had no ancient traditions to bind it down.
M: Why would you say that？ The settlers to America came from countries all over the world and must have brought their traditions with them.
W: Yes, they did and those traditions have enriched the American heritage; however, their purpose in coming to this new country was so they could make a change from the way they were living. Most immigrants to America were penniless. They came here to take advantage of a new way of life.
M: Sometimes I think we ignore the history of the native people encountered here in the Americas, both North and South.
W: Well, that's true. I've noticed, however, that the remains of civilizations in North America don't appear to be as ancient as those found in Mexico or Central and South America.
M: Those civilizations must have been as ancient as what I saw in China. They didn't have an influence on the modern countries, though. Why is that？
W: It's because those were dead civilizations. For some reasons, the traditions from those civilizations did not carry on to the surviving natives of the land.
M: Do you think that's the reason, or is it that the immigrants who exerted authority over the natives were able to suppress their traditions？
W: I would think both are explanations.
(20)
A．Chinese ancient history.
B．European history.
C．American native civilization.
D．American history.
To a great extent my writing has a natural political-cultural bent simply because I was nurtured intellectually and emotionally with an atmosphere of Native American resistance. The Acoma Pueblo, despite losing much of their land and surrounded by a foreign civilization, have not lost sight of their native heritage. This is the factual case with most other Native American peoples, and the clear explanation for this has been the fight-back we have found necessary to wage. At times, in the past, it was outright-armed struggle; currently, it is often in the legal arena, and it is in the field of literature. In 1981, when I was invited to the White House for an event celebrating American poets and poetry, I did not immediately accept the invitation, I questioned myself about the possibility that I was merely being exploited as an Indian, and I hedged against accepting. But then I recalled, the elders going among our people in the poor days of the 1950s, asking for donations--a dollar here and there, a sheep, perhaps a piece of pottery--in order to finance a trip to the nation's capital, to demand justice, to reclaim lost land even though there was only spare hope they would be successful. I went to the White House realizing that I was to do no less than they and those who had fought n the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, and I read my poems and sang songs that were later described as "guttural" by a newspaper. I suppose it is more or less understandable why such a view of Native American literature is held by many, and it is also clear why there should be a political stand taken in my writing and those of my sister and brother Native American writers.
The 1960s and afterward have been a invigorating and liberating period for Native American people. It has been only a little more than twenty years since Native American writers began to write and publish extensively, but we are writing and publishing more and more; we can only go forward. We come from an ageless, continuing oral tradition that informs us of our values, concepts, and notions as native people, and it is amazing how much of this tradition is ingrained so deeply in our contemporary writing, considering the brutal efforts of cultural repression that was not long ago outright U. S. policy. We were not to speak our languages, practice our spiritual beliefs, or accept the values of our past generations; and we were discouraged from pressing for our natural rights as Native American human beings. In spite of the fact that there is to some extent the same repression today, we persist and insist on living, believing, hoping, loving, speaking and writing as Native Americans.
The central idea conveyed in the passage is that ______.
A．the author remembers his childhood, especially his parents and the elders in his community, in a very positive way
B．a desire to cling to traditional Native American values led the author to write about Native American issues
C．art is an important part of Native American life and should be a part of everyone's existence
D．the artful nature of Native American life compels the author to explore and worship that heritage
Why did the author change his mind to accept the invitation to the White House？
A．He was eager to read his poetry to an audience of other poets and literary critics.
B．He wanted his writing and the writing of other Native American men and women to take on a more political tone.
C．He remembered the sacrifices that his ancestors had made for the privilege of going there, even if only to be ignored.
D．He realized that he had not been invited to the event as a representative of Native Americans.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
A．They attack human beings.
B．We need to study native animals.
C．They can't live out of the rain forest.
D．We do not know much about them yet.
A．Because they were forced to do so by the British government.
B．Because it best serves the needs of its native speakers.
C．Because it is the easiest language for internal and international communication.
D．Because with multilingual populations they need it for internal communication.
Which of the following statements about soccer is true？
A．Baseball.
B．Until recently, soccer becomes an important game, so many native Americans play it.
C．It is the most popular game in the world, so many American citizens take up it.
D．Although soccer is the most popular game in the world, American citizens in large numbers do not like it first.
(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits. (2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country. (3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work. (4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent. (5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals. 1. Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.
A、low wages for locals
B、imperfect labor markets
C、the design of the welfare system
D、inadequate skills of immigrants
Planning and People
In all kinds of organizations--companies, schools, hospitals, etc. --decisions appear correct in theory but do not work in practice. There are many reasons for this. To illustrate the problems involved we will consider four cases where different decisions have to be taken.
Case No. 1
The manager of a shipping company was interested in using large metal containers for the company's cargo instead of conventional methods of loading and unloading. He discovered that the use of containers was less expensive and quicker than conventional methods. More cargo could be sent at one time and delays on the way were shorter. The only major disadvantage (apart from the initial cost of the containers) was that not all ships could take them. However, the manager believed that his company could find enough ships for their containers. His plan to use containers was adopted by the board of directors. Unfortunately, however, it was never put into practice. The dockers heard about the plan and did not like it. The reason was that the containers would make about a quarter of the dockers redundant. The plan was killed.
The comparison of containers with conventional methods is shown in the following table.
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Case No. 2
A solar pump was built in a small desert village. The pump used the desert's most common resource-sunlight, to increase its greatest necessity-water. Solar collectors were used to collect the sun's rays. Flat collectors can be stationary and do not have moving parts which can be broken in sand storms. The system used the 20 degree centigrade temperature difference between the solar collectors and the ground water to work a gas expansion engine which pumped water from under the ground.
Some of the social effects of the new pumps were planned for. Children aged 6 to15 used to bring the water from wells, where they met the old men of the village and received informal education from them. In order to replace this, a school was also included in the project. But the project had not considered the traditional power structure of the village. As soon as the foreign experts left, the two richest men in the village took control of the pump and started selling water to everyone else. The result was that the majority of people were poorer than before.
Case No. 3
In 1946 there was a program in the Rio Grande valley to substitute hybrid corn for the native corn. The native corn was of poor nutritional quality and gave a poor quantity of grain while the hybrid corn was of excellent quality and gave about three times as large a crop as the native variety. In the first year half of the 84 farmers in the village planted hybrid corn and doubled the corn production. Three years later, however, only three farmers planted hybrid corn. The others were planting the traditional variety. At the beginning of the project the program leader studied the ecology of the area and showed films demonstrating the superiority of the new corn. The farmers agreed that the hybrid corn had great advantages. The size of the crop confirmed these advantages. Why did they stop planting it？ The answer was simple: their wives did not like it. They complained that it wasn't good for cooking and they didn't like the flavor.
Case No. 4
The manager of a large office building had received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He engaged a group of engineers to study the situation and make recommendations for improvement. The engineers suggested two alternative solutions:
1. adding more lifts of the same types;
2. replacing the existing lifts by faster ones.
The manager decided that both alternative solutions were too expensive. So the firm's psychologist offered to study the problem. He noticed that many people ar
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
