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The Value of Writing Well It's that time of year again. No, not "the holiday season". I me

The Value of Writing Well

It's that time of year again. No, not "the holiday season". I mean, it is holiday time, but for professors it doesn't start feeling like holiday time until final grades are in and the books are closed on another semester. No, for me, it's paper-grading time, the time of year when I'm reminded over and over of the importance of good writing skills--and of their rarity.

The ability to write well is not a gift. Sure, the special something that sets apart a Tolstoy or Shakespeare or Salman Rushdie or Isabel Allende is a gift, a talent born of disposition, experience, and commitment. But just to be able to communicate clearly with the written word takes no special talent; it's a skill like any other.

Well, not exactly like any other. Because the words we use to write with are the same words we use to think with, learning to write well has ramifications that go beyond the merely technical. As we improve our writing ability, we improve our ability to think--to build an argument, to frame. issues in compelling ways, to weave apparently unrelated facts into a coherent whole.

And despite the recurring hand-wringing and chest-beating about the "end of literacy" and the "death of the printed word", the reality is that we write more than ever these days. While it's a rare person who sits down with pen and paper in hand and writes a letter to a friend or loved one, we pour emails into the ether at an astounding rate. We text message, tweet, instant message, blog, comment, and otherwise shoot words at each other in a near-constant flow of communication. We annotate group portraits, LOL-ify cat pictures, and tag.., well, everything. At work, we write letters, proposals, PowerPoint presentations, Business requirement documents, memos, speeches, mission statements, position papers, operating procedures, manuals, brochures, package copy, press releases, and dozens of more specialized types of documents.

We are, it seems, writing creatures. Homo scribus, if you will.

It's no wonder that Businesses repeatedly cite "communication skills" as the single most desirable trait in new employees. The kicker, though, is that we are as a society incredibly bad at writing. Public schools do a poor job of teaching students how to write well-they barely manage to instill the basic rules of grammar and the miserable 5-paragraph essay, let alone how to write with style. and verve, how to put together an argument that moves steadily from one point to the next to persuade a reader of some crucial point, how to synthesize ideas and data from multiple sources into something that takes those ideas one step further.

It's not just the teachers' fault. Teachers do the best they can with what they're given, and all too often what they're given is inadequate resources with which to teach classrooms full of unmotivated students who could care less about writing. Add to that the requirements of mandatory nation-wide tests that reward conformity, not creativity, and the threat of punishment for any school whose students fail to fall within the fairly rigid boundaries of the test's requirements, and you've got a pretty bad situation all around for instilling in students the power to write well.

That is, alas, a great disservice. Being able to write well vastly improves students'-and others'-potential for success, regardless of the field they find themselves in. As I've already mentioned, people who write well tend to be better able to think through problems and tease out patterns in outwardly dissimilar situations. More importantly, people who write well have the opportunity to make a mark in the world, because their best ideas aren't trapped in their own minds for lack of a means of expression.

This is true whether you're a CEO or a janitor, a marketing expert or an Emergency Medical Technician. The skills

A.had nothing to do with gift

B.was attributed to tough training

C.was a born talent

D.made him well-known

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更多“The Value of Writing Well It's…”相关的问题
第1题
阅读:Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style. and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style. affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form. that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.

The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.

In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form. and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.

Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.

36.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.

A) a technical writing handbook B) a handbook on composition

C) a book on a literary writing D) a scientific paper

37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.

A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports

B) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics

C) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems

D) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics

38.You can find some writing exercises in ____.

A) the chapter on Organization B) the chapter on Style

C) the chapter on Special Problems D) the chapter on Proposals

39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.

A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition B) Part Ⅱ of the second edition

C) Part Ⅰ of the second edition D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition

40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?

A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.

B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.

C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.

D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.

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第2题
Now every service or product meets your satisfaction.When you are dissatisfied, you shou
ld voice your dissatisfaction.One reason for doing so is to help the vendor know there is a problem.The problem may have been created at a lower level in the vendor's company, and the vendor himself may know nothing about it at all.You render him a service when you bring weaknesses or failures to his attention.

A second reason for writing a letter of complaint to a vendor is to seek redress.You may not wish to pursue the matter so far as to take legal action, but you may wish to give the vendor the opportunity of making good.Most vendors value your business and their reputation sufficiently to replace defective goods, resupply work that did not meet specifications, or refund money when necessary.No vendor likes to do so, but your carefully worded letter of complaint may motivate him to do so.

When you write a letter of complaint, you'd better keep these TIPS in mind: First, be courteous though firm.You will not win a vendor's cooperation by anger.Secondly, be reasonable.Show logically and factually that the fault lies with the vendor or his claims.The vendor should be impressed with your fairness and quiet grasp of the facts in the matter.Thirdly, be specific about what is wrong.Be equally specific about what you want done about it.Lastly, tell how you have been hurt or inconvenienced by the problem.This strengthens your argument for redress.

1.How many pieces of advice does the author list to voice your dissatisfaction?

A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five

2.What is the best way the author thinks to seek redress?

A.to take legal actionB.to let the vendor make good voluntarily

C.to urge the vendor to make goodD.to quarrel with the vendor

3.What does the word “TIPS”(Para.3, Line 1) refer to?

A.money for personal service B.pieces of advice

C.thin end of something D.rubbish can

4.Which one is NOT true according to the passage?

A.You are seldom satisfied with the products you bought.

B.You'd better word your dissatisfaction firmly and politely.

C.The vendor can also benefit from your complaint.

D.You write a letter to get compensation.

5.What's the main purpose of you writing a letter of complaint?

A.to break off a deal B.to lower the vendor's reputation

C.to get compensation D.to give vent to your anger

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第3题
A foreigner.s first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush

- often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to complete their errands (任务). Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so that they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don.t, waiters will hurry you. You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small courtesies with strangers. Don.t take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting"it beyond a certain courtesy point. The view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called "a short fuse." We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some return - be this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life. Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesy of a business call, for example, they will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a café or coffeehouse. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.

1.Which of the following statements is wrong? ___________

A.Americans seem to be always under pressure

B.Americans attach less importance to patience

C.Americans don.t care much about ritual socializing

D.Americans are impolite to their business colleagues

2.In the fourth paragraph, "a high priority"means ___________.

A.a less important thing

B.a first concern

C.a good business

D.an attractive gift

3.Americans evaluate a business colleague ________.

A.through social courtesy

B.through prolonged business talks

C.by establishing business relations

D.by learning about their past performance

4.This passage mainly talks about __________.

A.how Americans treasure their time

B. how busy Americans are every day

C.how Americans do business with foreigners

D. what American way of life is like

5.We can infer from the passage that the author.s tone in writing is ________.

A.critical

B.ironical

C.praiseful

D.objective

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第4题
根据下面资料,回答下列各题 On the evening before All Saints Day in 1517, Martin Luther na
iled 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg. In those days a thesis was simply a _____36_____ one wanted to argue. Today a doctoral thesis is both an idea and an _____37_____ of a period of original research. Writing one is the aim of the hundreds of thousands of students who _____38_____ on a doctorate of philosophy (PhD) every year. In most countries a PhD is a basic requirement for a career in academia. It is an introduction to the world of independent research-a kind of _____39_____ masterpiece, created by an apprentice in close collaboration with a supervisor. The requirements to complete one vary _____40_____ between countries, universities and even subjects. Some students will first have to spend two years working on a masters degree or diploma. Some will receive a stipend; others will pay their own way. Some PhDs_____41_____ only research, some require classes and examinations and some require the student to teach undergraduates. A thesis can be dozens of pages in mathematics, or many hundreds in history. As a result, newly minted PhDs can be as young as their early 20s or world-weary forty-somethings. One thing many PhD students have in common is _____42_____. Some describe their work as "slave labour". Seven-day-weeks, ten-hour days, low pay and uncertain prospects are widespread. Whining PhD students are nothing new, but there seem to be _____43_____ problems with the system that produces research doctorates (the practical "professional doctorates" in fields such as law, business and medicine have a more obvious value), There is an oversupply of PhDs. Although a doctorate is designed as training for a job in academia, the number of PhD positions is unrelated to the number of job openings. Meanwhile, business leaders _____44_____ about shortages of high-level skills, suggesting PhDs are not teaching the right things. The fiercest critics _____45_____ research doctorates to Ponzi or pyramid schemes.

A.account

B.acquirements

C.aggressively

D.cognitive

E.compare

F.complain

G.contain

H.dissatisfaction

embark

enormously

genetic

genuine

intellectual

involve

position 第36题答案为()

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第5题
No one should be forced to wear a uniform. under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding
to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform. loses all self-worth

There are those who my that wearing a uniform. gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. But what could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization must rely on the dress style. and its buttons to inspire its members, it tends to show its weakness in market competition and is going to the dogs.

Some argue that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, so as to eliminate all envy and competition in the matter of dress. A poor student who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a well-dressed student. But these arguments conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. But why should one strive to be better if all others were to wear the same style. of clothing? It acted as if everyone in, society were demanded to buy the same model car, or have the same type of daily food. When this happened, all incentive to improve one's life is removed. Why would parents bother to work much hard, wishing that their children could enjoy a better life than they do when they are certain that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life as they do now?

Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.

The author's primary purpose in writing this passage was to______.

A.plead for the abolishment of uniforms

B.show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society

C.advocate stronger governmental control on the wearing of uniforms

D.convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages

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第6题
How to Be an EmployeeMost of you graduating today will be employees all your working life,

How to Be an Employee

Most of you graduating today will be employees all your working life, working for somebody else and for a paycheck. And so will most, if net all, of the thousands of other young Americans graduating this year in all the other schools and colleges across the country.

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And whereas fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: the middle and upper classes have become employees, and middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest growing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

This is one of the most profound social changes any country has ever undergone. It is, however, a perhaps even greater change for the individual young man about to start. Whatever he does, in all likelihood he will do it as an employee; wherever he aims, he will have to try to reach it through being an employee.

Yet you will find little if there is anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of advice on work in a chosen field, whether it be metallurgy(冶金学) or salesmanship, the machinist's trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical competence or professional knowledge.

Being an employee is thus the one common characteristic of most careers today. The special profession or skill is visible and clearly defined, and a well-laid-out sequence of courses, degrees, and jobs leads into it. But being an employee is the foundation. And it is much more difficult to prepare for it. Yet there is no recorded information on the art of being an employee.

The first question we might ask is: what can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee? The schools teach a great many things of value to the future accountant, the future doctor, or the future electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee? The answer is: "Yes—they teach the one thing that is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it."

This one basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking.

As an employee you work with and through other people. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to present your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will both understand what you are driving at and be persuaded. The letter, the report or memorandum, the ten-minute spoken "presentation" to a committee are basic tools of the employee.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

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第7题
What's the writing style. of this text?()

A.Argumentative writing

B.Narrative writing

C.Expository writing

D.Descriptive writing

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第8题
When people care enough about something to do it well, those who do it best tend to be far
better than everyone else. There's a huge gap between Leonardo and second-rate contemporaries. A top-ranked professional chess player could play ten thousand games against an ordinary club player without losing once.

Like chess or painting or writing novels, making money is a very specialized skill. But for some reason we treat this skill differently. No one complains when a few people surpass all the rest at playing chess or writing novels, but when a few people make more money than the rest, we get editorials saying this is wrong. Why? The pattern of variation seems no different than for any other skill. What causes people to react so strongly when the skill is making money?

I think there arc three reasons we treat making money as different: the misleading model of wealth we learn as children; the disreputable way in which, till recently, most fortunes were accumulated; and the worry that great variations in income are somehow bad for society. As far as I can tell, the first is mistaken, the second outdated, and the third empirically false. Could it be that, in a modem democracy, variation in income is actually a sign of health?

When I was five I thought electricity was created by electric sockets. I didn't realize there were power plants out there generating it. Likewise, it doesn't occur to most kids that wealth is something that has to be generated. It seems to be something that flows from parents.

Because of the circumstances in which they encounter it, children tend to misunderstand wealth. They confuse it with money. They think that there is a fixed amount of it. And they think of it as something that's distributed by authorities (and so should be distributed equally), rather than something that has to be created (and might be created unequally). In fact, wealth is not money. Money is just a convenient way of trading one form. of wealth for another. Wealth is the underlying stuff--the goods and services we buy. When you travel to a rich or poor country, you don't have to look at people' s bank accounts to tell which kind you're in. You can see wealth-- in buildings and streets, in the clothes and the health of the people.

Where does wealth come from? People make it. This was easier to grasp when most people lived on farms, and made many of the things they wanted with their own hands. Then you could see in the house, the herds, and the granary the wealth that each family created. It was obvious then too that the wealth of the world was not a fixed quantity that had to be shared out, like slices of a pie. If you wanted more wealth, you could make it.

This is just as true today, though few of us create wealth directly for ourselves. Mostly we create wealth for other people in exchange for money, which we then trade for the forms of wealth we want. Because kids are unable to create wealth, whatever they have has to be given to them. And when wealth is something you're given, then of course it seems that it should be distributed equally. As in most families it is. The kids see to that. "Unfair," they cry, when one sibling (兄弟姐妹) gets more than another.

In the real world, you can't keep living off your parents. If you want something, you either have to make it, or do something of equivalent value for someone else, in order to get them to give you enough money to buy it. In the real world, wealth is (except for a few specialists like thieves and speculators) something you have to create, not something that's distributed by Daddy. And since the ability and desire to create it vary from person to person, it's not made equally.

You get paid by doing or making something people want, and those who make more money are often simply better at doing what people want. Top actors make a lot more money than B-list actors.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

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第9题
If pollution continues to increase at the present rate, formation of aerosols (悬浮微粒) i

If pollution continues to increase at the present rate, formation of aerosols (悬浮微粒) in the atmosphere will cause the onset (开始) of an ice age in about fifty years' time. This conclusion, reached by Dr. S. Rasool and Dr. H. Schneider of the United States Goddard Space Flight Centre, answers the apparently conflicting questions of whether an increase in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth to warm up or increasing the aerosol content will cause it to cool down. The Americans have shown conclusively that the aerosol question is dominant.

Two specters haunting conservationists have been the prospect that environmental pollution might lead to the planet's becoming unbearably hot or cold. One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2℃. which would take place over several thousand years. But the other problem now looms larger than ever.

Aerosols are collections of small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air or some other medium. The particles are all so tiny that each is composed of only a few hundred atoms. Because of this they can float in the air for a very long time. Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol is industrial smog of the kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los Angeles today. These collections of aerosols reflect the Sun's heat and thereby cause the Earth to cool.

Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider have calculated the exact effect of a dust aerosol layer just above the Earth's surface in the temperature of the planet. As the layer builds up, the present delicate balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount radiated from the Earth is disturbed. The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the Sun's light but also transmits the infrared radiation from below. So, while the heat input to the surface drops, the loss of heat remains high until the planet cools to a new balanced state.

Within fifty years, if no steps are taken to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, a cooling of the Earth by as much as 3.5℃ seems inevitable. If that lasts for only a few years it would start another ice age, and because the growing ice caps at each pole would themselves reflect much of the Sun's radiation it would probably continue to develop even if the aerosol layer were destroyed.

The only bright spot in this gloomy forecast lies in the hope expressed by Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider that nuclear power may replace fossil fuels in time to prevent the aerosol content of the atmosphere from becoming critical.

The author's main purpose in writing the article is to warn of ______.

A.warm weather

B.hot weather

C.a new ice age

D.a new iceberg

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第10题
PleaseandtellmeaboutyourNewYear()

A.write

B.writes

C.writing

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