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An extended family includes at least three generations.（)
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更多“An extended family includes at…”相关的问题
听力原文： Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, "operates under the theory of what's mine is mine and what's yours is mine," says his mother. "The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers. Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones."
"Examine the extended family, and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an inheritable trait," says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether its inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands at the young isn't healthy for children or the family, Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. "Children", he says in his book. From Defiance to Cooperation, "have secret feelings of weakness" and "a desire to feel safe." It's the parents' role to provide that protection.
When a "boss child" doesn't learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
"I see more and more parents giving up their power," says Barkley, who bas studied bossy behavior. for more than 30 years. "They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious."
(33)
A．They make good decisions.
B．They lack care from others.
C．They have little sense of fear.
D．They show self-centeredness.
The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that they ______.
A．have to learn new things consciously
B．lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
C．have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
D．can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family
听力原文： The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children used to live together, and they had an extended family. Sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group. But family structure is changing throughout the world. Nowadays, many families consist of only one Father, one mother, and children. It is becoming the main family structure everywhere.
The new family structure offers married women some advantages: they have freedom from their relatives, and the husband does not have all the power of the family. Studies show that in these families, men and women usually make an equal number of decisions about family lives.
In the past, wives usually have to pay for the benefits of freedom and power. When women lived in extended families, sisters and grandparents and aunts helped one another with housework and childcare. In addition, older women in a large family group had important positions.
But now, wives do not often enjoy this benefit, and they have another disadvantage too: women generally live longer than their husbands, so older women from these families often have to live alone. Studies show that women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are. In the past, men worked outside the home and women worked inside. Housework and childcare were a full time job, and there was no time for anything else. Now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past, but they still have to do most of the housework. The women actually have two full-time jobs, and they have not much free time.
(30)
A．There were only grandparents and children.
B．There was one father, one mother, and their children.
C．There were many relatives.
D．There were two or more brothers with their wives.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War II. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable has lost. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information, The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information, Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
The word "it" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to ______.
A．the lack of stable communities
B．the breakdown of informal information channels
C．the increased mobility of families
D．the growing number of people moving from place to place
British teaching unions Sunday cautiously welcomed government
plans to extend school opening hours for pupils ages under 14 that 【M1】______
are aimed at allowing parents working longer and keeping kids out 【M2】______
of trouble. Education Secretary Ruth Kelly was Monday to set out a
680-million-pound (1.02-billion-pound, 1.21-billion-dollar)
programme to transfer schools into community centres. 【M3】______
A senior Education Department source said, "Respect is a
two-way street and we know that if we want to keep kids hanging 【M4】______
out and causing trouble, and if we want their parents to go out to
work to support the family, the days of schools opening 9 am—3 pm
are over." Responding to the news, a spokeswoman for the National
Union of Teachers said, "The 680 million sound like new money, but 【M5】______
across 23,000 schools, it will be spread very thinly." Schools did not
necessarily have the capacity or resources to meet the government's
wishes, she added.
Children would be able to turn up early to school for so-called
breakfast clubs and stay lately playing sport or doing homework 【M6】______
under a shake-up of the school day to be known as "Kelly hours".
Prime Minister Tony Blair has said the government's plans for
opening schools from 8 am to 6 pm would end the culture of
"latch-key kids" come home to empty houses after school. 【M7】______
Schools in Britain generally begin at 9 am, closing at six hours 【M8】______
later, although some have already began to extend the learning day,
A prospectus for the scheme was to be sent to schools and local
councils. Writing in the document, Kelly said, "From my visits of 【M9】______
schools, I know that the best are delivering extended services
already. They know that children will be better placed to achieve
their full potential if they are in childcare What allows them to 【M10】______
complete their homework, keep fit and healthy and have fun."
Schools would be free to choose what activities they offered.
【M1】
听力原文： (32) The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children used to live together, and they had a big family. Sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group. But family structure is changing throughout the world. The nuclear family consists of only one father, one mother, and children, it is becoming the main family structure everywhere.
(33) The nuclear family offers married women some advantages, they have freedom from their relatives, and the husband does not have all the power of the family. 'Studies show that in nuclear families, men and women usually make an equal number of decisions about family life.
But wives usually have to "pay" for the benefits of freedom and power. When women lived in extended families, sisters, grandparents, and aunts helped one another with housework and childcare. In addition, (34) older women in a large family group had important positions. Wives in nuclear families do not often enjoy this benefit, and they have another disadvantage, too: women generally live longer than their husbands, so older women from nuclear families often have to live alone. Studies show that women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are. In the past, men worked outside the home and women worked inside. Housework and childcare were a full-time job, and there was no time for anything else. (35) Now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past, but they still have to do most of the housework. The women actually have two full-time jobs, and they do not have much free time.
(33)
A．There were only grandparents and children.
B．There was one father, one mother, and their children.
C．There were many relatives.
D．There were two or more brothers with their wives.
The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.
In the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals. "For example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers, in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome(染色体)," explains Ugo A. Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.
People in a large area any possess the same DNA thread because______.
A．DNA is characteristic of a region
B．they are beyond doubt of common ancestry
C．DNA strand has the ability to identify individuals
D．their unique identification can be provided via DNA
Old age in the United States presents many
problems and opportunities. With the result of 【S1】______
improved medical services, people live longer than they
used to. This increase in longevity creates a wide range
of social needs that didn't exist when the average life
expectancy was higher. The medical specialty of 【S2】______
gerontology (老年医学) has opened research areas and
careers related to the elderly.
Because of changes in the family structure from
extended to nuclear, the elderly has to create existences 【S3】______
apart from basically small family units. This situation is
complicated by the fact many of their friends may have 【S4】______
died and their children may have moved away.
The elderly person must set up a new life. Often,
the elderly must rely on a fixed income—Social
Security and pensions—and gradually diminished 【S5】______
savings. While some live with their children, many
more live by themself, with a friend, or in a nursing 【S6】______
home.
Moreover, the increasing proportion of elderly 【S7】______
people has given .them a new political power. They have
formed organizations such as the Grey Panthers to voice
their own need and concerns over local , state, and 【S8】______
federal agencies. Lobbying (国会院外游说活动) for
such issues as increased Social Security benefits, better
healthy care, income tax benefits, and rent controls 【S9】______
have brought to the public an increased awareness of the 【S10】______
determination of the elderly to assert their ability to
deal effectively with their own lives.
【S1】
