题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Decoding human DNA, the inherited blueprint for each human life, is ______ (21世纪科学面临的最大挑战之一).
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What can we learn from the Paragraph 3？
A．The genes of Alzheimer's disease have been decoded after the decoding of human genome.
B．Brain diseases usually are the outcome of interaction of complicated groups of genes.
C．The scientists' findings on genes have quickly lead to understanding of mental diseases.
D．the complexity had stopped the researchers from come up with treatment to mental diseases.
A．time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of gene in human DNA
B．human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patients
C．gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseases
D．information about DNA may be used in the treatment an prevention of human diseases
What conclusion can we get from the passage？
A．Engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time being.
B．It's impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomato.
C．Many diseases will never be conquered by human beings.
D．Doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run.
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule (分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first ex- periments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a pu- rified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost (激励) in 1980. The U. S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium (细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
Human interferon (干扰素)-a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease A newly engineered bac-terium produced hurnan interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
Human growth hormone-for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone (荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
Human insulin (胰岛素)-for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef-or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
This passage is mainly about
A.the effects of altering cells
B.the human growth hormone
C.insulin resistance
D.U. S. Supreme Court rulings
此题为判断题(对，错)。
The author indicts the look-say reading approach because ______ .
A．it overlooks decoding
B．Rudolf Flesch agrees with him
C．he says it is boring
D．many schools continue to use this method
【C1】
A．defect
B．affect
C．effect
D．infection
The term "virus" is derived from the Latin word for
position, or slime. It was originally applied to the noxious
stench emanating from swamps that was thought to cause a
variety of disease in the centuries before microbes were S1.______
discovered and specifically linked to illness. But it was S2.______
until almost the end of the nineteenth century that a true
virus was proven to be the reason of a disease. S3.______
The nature of viruses made them impossible to detect
for many years, even after bacteria had been discovered and
studied. Not only are viruses too small to be seen with a
light microscope, they also cannot be detected through their S4.______
biological activity, except as it occurs in conjunction with
other organisms. In fact, viruses show no traces of biological
activity by themselves. Unlike bacteria, they are not living
agents in the strictest way. Viruses are very simple pieces S5.______
of organic material composing only of nucleic acid, either S6.______
DNA or RNA, enclosed with a coat of protein made up of S7.______
simple structural units. (Some viruses also contain
carbohydrates and lipid.) They are parasites require S8.______
human, animal, or plant cells to live. The virus replicates
by attaching to a cell and inject its nucleic acid; once S9.______
inside the cell, the DNA or RNA that contains the virus'
genetic information takes on the cell's biological machinery, S10.______
and the cell begins to manufacture virtual proteins rather
than its own.
【S1】
